TCA and Mitochondria Flashcards
What are the concentrations of H+ in the matrix and the intermembrane space of the mitochondria?
Matrix: Low H+
Intermembrane Space: High H+
Where do most of the protein in a mitochondria originate from?
Nuclear DNA. Mito DNA also come from your mother.
What do mtDNA code for?
ETC proteins and tRNA used in translation of mito genes.
What does hypermutable mean for mtDNA?
Unlike nuclear DNA, mitochondrial DNA is naked– it is not bound to histones in a chromatin structure.
It is also exposed to higher concentrations of reactive oxygen species (ROS) than nuclear DNA. ROS damage increases with age.
The mitochondrial genome has limited ability to repair DNA damage.
T/F Cells have multiple mitochondria and Mitochondria have multiple copies of mtDNA
T
Why do mtDNA linked diseases have a range of phenotypes?
Normal and mutant mtDNA can be present within the same individual (or within the same cell), and at different ratios.
PDH links [ ] to [ ]
Glycolysis; The TCA Cycle
Energetic excess activates PDH Phosphotase and Ca(2+) activates PDH Kinase (T/F)
F
List some sources of Acetyl CoA: (5)
FA Palmitate Glucose Ethanol Ketone Body (acetoacetate) Pyruvate (from Glucose or Alanine)
Which enzyme is the key rate limiting step in the TCA Cycle?
Isocitrate dehydrogenase
When energy is consumed NAD [ ] and NADH [ ].
Increases; Decreases
Why does ethanol metabolism lock up the TCA Cycle?
Because it produces large amounts of NADH
What is an allosteric inhibitor of Isocitrate dehydrogenase?
NADH
What is the role of pyruvate decarboxylase?
Pyruvate carboxylase (along with Biotin) converts pyruvate to oxaloacetate. Helps replenish
Myoadenylate Deaminase Defficiency affects what pathway?
What are some symptoms?
The anaplerotic reaction of synthesizing extra oxaloacetate when the body is being exercises hard.
Muscle pain, weakness when exercising
no increase in blood NH4+ after exercising
