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DT4-Exam 1 > TBL-Women's Health** & Diabetes > Flashcards

TBL-Women's Health** & Diabetes Flashcards

1
Q

Procedure used for cervical cancer screening?

When does it start and stop?

A

pap test

start at 21, stop at 65/ after hysterectomy

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2
Q

How frequently should women be screened for cervical cancer?

How does this differ between age grousps?

A

21-29: every three years

30-65: Every 3 years OR every 5 years + HPV test

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3
Q

When should average risk women begin mammograms for breast cancer screening?
Discontinue screening?
How often should women be screened?

A

Begin: 45 yoa
Discontinue: 75 yoa
Screen every 2 years

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4
Q

BRACA1 and BRACA2 code for what type of protein?

A

tumor suppressor proteins (repair DNA and ^ genetic stability)

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5
Q

BRACA1 risk for breast cancer/ ovarian cancer vs. BRCA 2: which is higher?

A

BRCA 1 higher risk; both have risk higher than average woman

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6
Q

Family hx factors to consider for genetic screening: (5)

A
  • breast cancer before 50 yoa
  • multiple female tumors simultaneously
  • 2+ BRCA cancers in 1 relative
  • male with breast cancer
  • Ashkinazi Jew
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7
Q

How do we manage risk in patients with mutation (3)

A
  • ^ screening: yearly breast exam, mammogram + MRI
  • bilateral prophylactic mastectomy
  • chemoprevention: tamoxifen, raloxifene, OCPs
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8
Q

What does an ambiguous result mean in regards to BRACA testing:

A

we do not know if it will lead to developing cancer

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9
Q

Why isnt the HPV vaccine recommended for women over 26 yoa?

A

When tested in women 25-45there was no benefit

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10
Q

Why did the USPSTF and ACS drop recommendations for self and clinical breast exams?

A

no evidence to improve outcome; lead to more false +’s and unnecessary biopsies (^ infection risk)

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11
Q

What is the benefit of a 9 valent HPV vaccine for boys and young men?

A

prevents anorectal cancer and genital warts

**ALSO I THINK PENILE CANCER CAUSE THATS SQUAMOUS CELL/HPV related!!!

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12
Q

21 yo single female, sexually active for 3 years, presents for first pap smear–what is the cervical cancer screening?

A

check every 3 years; no HPV because probably + and will clear

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13
Q

32 yof married, monogomous, last 3 paps were normal: what is the cervical cancer screening?

A

check every 3 years or 5 years with HPV cotest

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14
Q

54 yof; 6 mos post radical hysterectomy: what is the cervical cancer screening?

A

NOTHING

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15
Q

66 yof, hx of CIN2 treated @49 yoa, last 3 paps normal:

what is the cervical cancer screening?

A

5 years w HPV or every 3 years alone for 20 years after last (-) pap

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16
Q

Why are children not tested for BRACA1 or BRACA2

A

currently no at risk reduction strategies for children exist

17
Q

Diagnostic criteria for DM?

A
  • fasting BG over 126
  • random glucose/ glucose challenge test over 200
  • ++6.5 or more a1c per meadows
18
Q

Modifiable risk factor for both micro/macrovascular disease in diabetics?
One example of macrovascular disease? micro?

A

hypertension
macro- gangrene
micro- renal disease, retinal disease

19
Q

What is the most common cause of diabetic complications? How is this used in terms of measuring disease burden?

A
  • glycosylation of proteins

- Hba1c measures glycosylated Hb, best long term measurement of DM control

20
Q

Common presentation of autonomic neuropathy in diabetics?

A

orthostatic hypotension

21
Q

At what age should all patients be screened for DM?

A

45+

22
Q

DM1 or DM2: which has the most significant genetic component?

A

DM2

23
Q

In diabetics, how often should you check the following:

  • microalbumin
  • eyes
  • feet
  • A1c
A
  • annual microalbumin, eye exams
  • ALWAYS check the feet every exam
  • A1c every three months
24
Q

Target BP for diabetics?

A

130/80 or less; always give them statins as well

25
Q

First line therapy for DM2? When is it contraindicated?

A

metformin, but its CI in renal disease, CHF, and liver disease!! (causes ^^ lactic acid!!)

26
Q

Which is more likely to become fatal:
hyper or hypoglycemia?
what are the symptoms of this condition?

A

-hypoglycemia:
causes tachycardia, sweating, tremors, hunger, hypotension, confused state similar to drunkeness, eventually loss of conciousness

27
Q

How long do glycosylated RBCs live?

What can cause a spike in a1c, aside from poor control of disease?

A
  • 3-4 months

- infection/ stress/ treatment with steroids can spike a1c for the following few months

28
Q

Why do diabetics experience polydypsia?

A

-excess glucose in plasma –> pee out glucose + water –> need more water –> feel thirsty

29
Q

Why do diabetics experience hunger and weight loss?

A

-glucose cannot get into cells, cells begin to starve –> break down fat and muscle

30
Q

Most common COD in all diabetics?

A

-MI, always MI

DT4-Exam 1 (17 decks)

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