TBL Prep Flashcards
What is the most common cause of spinal cord injury? What are the components that are damaged?
trauma
motor, sensory, autonomic fcn compromised
What are the vertebrae in each section of the body? Where does the spinal cord extend?
7 Cervical; 12 thoracic; 5 lumbar; 5 sacral fused
foramen magnum–L2 (l3 @ birth)
Describe the 31 segments of the spinal cord.
8 cervical 12 thoracic 5 lumbar 5 sacral 1 coccygeal
Where do the spinal nerves emerge?
cervical 1–>7: emerge above the vertebrae
C8 below the 7th cervical vertebrae
the rest of the nerves then come out below the respective vertebrae
Where are the dorsal rami of C1-C4 located?
they are located in the sub occipital region
What does the dorsal ramus of C1 innervate?
innervation of neck muscles
including semispinalis capitis muscle
What does the dorsal ramus of C2 innervate?
sensation of back of head & scalp
motor innervation to some neck muscles
What’s the deal w/ the innervation of dorsal rami of C3-C5?
formation of phrenic nerve
innervation of the diaphragm
What’s the deal with the innervation of the dorsal rami of C5-T1?
they provide motor control for upper extremities & their muscles
The 12 segments of the thoracic cord provide motor control to what?
thoracoabdominal musculature
Which section of the spinal cord gives motor innervation to the lower extremities & their related muscles?
L2-S2
What makes up the cauda equina?
this is a collection of lumbar & sacral nerve roots
they travel together caudally until they leave their respective intervertebral foramina
What are the spinal cord levels that are involved in the reflex of the biceps?
C5/C6
What are the spinal cord levels that are involved in the reflex of the brachioradialis?
C5/C6
What are the spinal cord levels that are involved in the reflex of the triceps?
C7 Anatomic Variations (C6-C8)
What are the spinal cord levels that are involved in the reflex of the finger flexors?
C8 Anatomic Variations (C7-T1)
What are the spinal cord levels that are involved in the reflex of the knee?
L3 Anatomic Variations (L2-L4)
What are the spinal cord levels that are involved in the reflex of the ankle?
S1 Anatomic Variations (L5-S2)
Where are the cell bodies of the ventral motor roots located?
in the anterior horn of the spinal cord
Where are the cell bodies of the dorsal sensory roots located?
in the DRG
carry info like dermatomes
What’s the dermatome that corresponds to the following?
C2/C3
posterior head & neck
What’s the dermatome that corresponds to the following?
C4 & T2…kinda weird
these dermatomes are found in the upper thorax, they are actually adjacent to each other
What’s the dermatome that corresponds to the following?
T4/T5
nipple line
What’s the dermatome that corresponds to the following?
T10
umbilicus
What’s the dermatome that corresponds to the following?
C5
anterior shoulder
What’s the dermatome that corresponds to the following?
C6
thumb
six shooter
What’s the dermatome that corresponds to the following?
C7
index & middle fingers
What’s the dermatome that corresponds to the following?
C7/C8
ring finger
What’s the dermatome that corresponds to the following?
C8
pinky finger
What’s the dermatome that corresponds to the following?
T1
inner forearm
What’s the dermatome that corresponds to the following?
T2
upper inner arm
What’s the dermatome that corresponds to the following?
T2/T3
axilla
What’s the dermatome that corresponds to the following?
L1
anterior upper inner thigh
What’s the dermatome that corresponds to the following?
L2
anterior upper thigh
What’s the dermatome that corresponds to the following?
L3
knee
What’s the dermatome that corresponds to the following?
L4
medial malleolus
What’s the dermatome that corresponds to the following?
L5
dorsum of foot
toes 1-3
What’s the dermatome that corresponds to the following?
S1
toes 4 & 5
lateral malleolus
What’s the dermatome that corresponds to the following?
S3/C1
anus
Which structure is found in the anterior median fissure?
anterior spinal artery
Where do the anterior & posterior nerve rootlets emerge?
anterolateral & posterolateral sulci
What are the 3 funiculi that are found in the white matter of the spinal cord?
posterior, lateral, and anterior funiculi
**contain ascending & descending tracts
The grey matter of the spinal cord can be divided into 4 parts or ____ laminae/layers.
10 layers
What is found in the anterior or ventral horn of the spinal cord?
motor neurons
laminae 8, 9, part of 7
What is found in the posterior or dorsal horn of the spinal cord?
sensory neurons
laminae 1-6
What is found in the intermediate zones of the grey matter of the spinal cord?
associate neurons, laminae 7
lateral horns in regions of thorax-lumbar–>for sympathetic neurons.
The gray matter is also arranged into columns or nuclei. Describe some of these nuclei.
Substantia Gelatinosa & Proper Sensory Nucleus–>go thru the whole spinal cord & receive pain impulses
Nucleus of Clarke-only present in certain parts of the spinal cord
