TBL Flashcards
What is sucrose composed of
disaccharide of glucose and fructose
What is the constituents of high fructose corn syrup
40 glucose, 60 fructose
What pathway converts glucose to fructose
Polyol biochemical pathway
Where is fructose exclusively metabolized?
The liver
What is the enzyme that metabolizes fructose
Ketohexokinase
T/F the conversion of fructose to fat is unregulated
TRUE
What are the side effects of a diet high in fructose
Insulin resistance, visceral oversight, and elevated levels fo lipid TAGS
ATP synthesis is driven by
Oxidative phoshorylation via the Krebs cycles
What happens to pyruvate if it is being generated faster than it can enter the Krebs cycle
It is converted to lactate
Which type of muscle fibers typically take up lactate
Slow twitch (Type 1)
What is the exponential rise in lactate known as
Lactate threshold
T/F the ventilatory threshold and the lactate threshold occur at different times
False
What tissues require insulin for glucose uptake at rest
Skeletal, liver, adipose
How does the brain uptake glucose
Facilitated diffusion: doesn’t need insulinn
What is the balance for blood gradient of glucose
Having enough glucose to maintain the gradient for the brain, but also be able to have enough to use skeletal muscle
Liver and pancreas use what GLUT transporter
GLUT 22
Brian uses what GLUT transporter
GLUT 3
Skeletal muscle uses what GLUT transporter? Which is insulin independent?
GLUT 1,4; Glut 4
What holds the GLUT 4 transporters open for the uptake of insulin?
Calcium
What organ produces insulin
Pancreas
What are the two key adjustments for maintaining sufficient blood-glucose
- Alpha adrenergic mediated inhibition of beta cells of pancreas
- The liver begins driving gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis to shuttle glucose to the blood
