ETC Flashcards
Where are the places that Acetyl CoA can come from
Glycolysis, FA Beta Oxidation, and amino acid breakdown
What is the name of complex I of ETC
NADH: CoQ oxidoreductase
After going through complex I, where are the electrons passed to
CoQ
Where is CoQ oxidized
Complex III
What is the name of Complex III
Cytochrome b-c1 Complex
Where do electrons flow after Complex III
Cytochrome C
What is the name of Complex IV
Cytochrome oxidase
O2 is reduced by _____ electrons at cytochrome oxidase to make H2O
4
An example of an energy uncoupler
DNP, brown fat
O2- is also known as a
Superoxide anion
-OH is also known as a
Hydroxyl radical
T/F oxyradical formation sometimes occurs at complex IV
False
Where does most ROS leaked
Complex I or complex III
Which form of oxygen radical is the most dangerous
Hydroxyl radical
Rotenone is an inhibitor of what complex
Complex I
T/F Copper is more reactive than Iron
True (Haber-Weiss)
T/F NADPH is a major cellular reducing agent
true
Where is NADPH found
The cytosol
Where is NOX I and NOX 2 found
NOX I on plasma membrane
NOX 2 on phagosome membrane
T/F your neutrophils make Clorox
True
Which NOX complex is associated with MPO
NOX2
What does MPO do?
Makes bleach from H2O2 and Cl-
What is a granuloma
Inflammatory response when the body walls off substances it perceives as foreign but is unable to eliminate
What is NO normally involved in
Vasorelaxation
Explain the mechanism of action of muscle relaxation
Acetylcholine binds to receptor -> IP3 -> Calcium -> Calmodulin -> NO synthase -> NO -> Guanylyl cyclase -> cyclic gMP -> Protein kinase G -> relaxation
What degrades cyclic GMP
Phosphodiesterase, viagra inhibits this
What would use peroxynitrite?
Macrophage
What is most prone to free radical induced attack
Poly unsaturated lipids
What AA bind HNE
Cysteine
Histidine
Lysine
What reacts with ROOH Orr RSSR to consume peroxide’s
GSH
What is an example of a direct radical scavenger
Vitamin E
What does superoxide dismutase do
Accelerate the formation of H2O2 from Oxygen radicals
What does vitamin E do
Stabilizes free radicals
T/F taking vitamin E can help your health
False
High homocysteine is associated with an increased risk of
Dementia
How can you reduce homocysteine levels
Increase vitamin B12 intake
What does NRF2/Keap 1 doe
Regulate antioxidants and detoxifying agents
What are the major reducing agents
NADH, NADPH, GSH
