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PASG 60200 Physiology > TBL 2 - Cranial Nerves (Unit 2 Exam) > Flashcards

TBL 2 - Cranial Nerves (Unit 2 Exam) Flashcards

1
Q

Where does CN 1 exit the cranium?

A

cribriform plate of ethmoid bone

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2
Q

Which doesn’t cause olfactory deficits?

A

mandibular damage

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3
Q

What receptor does an odorant bind to?

A

G-protein Coupled receptors (GPCRs)

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4
Q

The optic nerve (CN 2) carries visual information to which part of the brain for processing?

A

thalamus

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5
Q

Which of the following photoreceptor cells in the retina is responsible for color vision?

A

cones

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6
Q

Which of the following best describes the pathway of the optic nerve CN2?

A

Retina –> optic nerve –> thalamus –> visual cortex

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7
Q

What is possible damage to CN3 can cause a droopy eyelid also known as?

A

ptosis

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8
Q

Injury to this cranial nerve results in loss of downward eye movement once adducted?

A

CN IV (4) trochlear nerve

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9
Q

What does the opthalmic nerve enter through?

A

superior orbital fissure

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10
Q

What deficitsmay occur due to a trigeminal nerve injury?

A

problems with chewing

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11
Q

What are the 3 branches of the CN V (CN 5) trigeminal nerve?

A

ophthalmic | maxillary | mandibular

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12
Q

How many voluntary extra-ocular muscles are supplied by the cranial nerves III, IV, and VI?

A

7

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13
Q

Which nerve branch of CN VII (facial nerve) innervates facial expression?

A

temporal branches

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14
Q

What is the primary motor function of CN VII (facial nerve)?

A

control of facial muscles for expression

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15
Q

If there is damage to CN VII facial nevres distal to the stylomastoid foramen, what function is affected?

A

muscle weakness

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16
Q

which one is not a function of the vestibular system?

A

pain perception

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17
Q

The vestibular system (CN VIII) progresses more rapidly than the sense of hearing. True or False

A

true

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18
Q

What are 2 otolith organs?

A

saccule and utricle

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19
Q

Where does the glossopharyngeal nerve originate from?

A

medulla oblongata

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20
Q

What general function does the glossopharyngeal nerve have?

A

Motor, Sensory, Parasympathetic motor

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21
Q

Where does the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) exit the skull?

A

jugular foramen

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22
Q

Where does the vagus nerve originate from?

A

medulla

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23
Q

What are the target organs of the motor division of the vagus nerve (CN X)?

A

esophagus, heart, GI tract, as far as the last 1/3 of the transverse colon

24
Q

Which cranial nerve extends beyond the head and neck region?

A

CN X (vagus nerve)

25
Q

Which cranial nerve exits the cranium through the jugular foramen and innervates the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles?

A

Cranial Nerve XI (spinal accessory nerve)

26
Q

What is the primary function of the sternocleidomastoid muscle innervated by Cranial Nerve XI (accessory nerves)?

A

turning and tilting of head

27
Q

Which of the following cranial nerves exits the cranium through the same foramen as CN XI (spinal accessory nerve) and temporarily joins inside the skull?

A

CN X vagus nerve

28
Q

Which type of tongue muscles are responsible for changing the shape and size of the tongue itself?

A

intrinsic muscles

29
Q

Which group of tongue muscles is responsible for moving and positioning the entire tongue within the oral cavity?

A

extrinsic muscles

30
Q

Which tongue muscle is not innervated by cranial nerve XII (hypoglassal)?

A

palatoglossal muscle

31
Q

30 y/o male seen s/p head injury. What sign would point toward a lesion affecting the facial affecting the facial nerve?

A

When asked to shut eyes tightly = patient’s right eye doesn’t close completely

32
Q

CN VII innervates the tongue along with what other cranial nerves?

A

CN V3
CN IX
CN X
CN XII

33
Q

The Facial nerve transmits taste information from what portion of the tongue?

A

Anterior two-thirds of the tongue

34
Q

Where does the vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII) exit the cranium?

A

internal acoustic meatus

35
Q

What is the most common lesion that causes damage to CN VIII?

A

Vestibular Schwannoma / tumor nerve of (acoustic neuroma)

36
Q

Where are the vestibular and cochlear receptors located, respectively?

A

Semicircular canals of the ear
Organ of Corti

37
Q

Where do the Cranial Nerves IX and X exit the cranium through?

A

BOTH through Jugular foramen

38
Q

What extra-ocular muscle does the CN IV innervate?

A

superior oblique

39
Q

What is the transduction mechanism following activation of an odorant receptor?

A

G-protein activation of Sodium Channel

40
Q

Where does the olfactory nerve exit from the skull?

A

cribriform plate of ethmoid bone

41
Q

A 55 y/o woman comes home and detects a strong smell of natural gas in the house. Her husband was unable to smell the odor. Which of the following conditions best describes the husband?

A

anosmia

42
Q

Where is the location of odorant binding receptors?

A

cilia

43
Q

What is the primary visual cortex?

A

occipital lobe

44
Q

Which cells of the retina are action potentials generated as a result of exposure to light?

A

ganglion cells

45
Q

What eye movement is impeded by damage to the cranial nerve VI?

A

moving eyes laterally away from midline

46
Q

Where does the optic nerve leaving the retina cross to the contralateral side?

A

optic chiasm

47
Q

Where does the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve exit the cranium?

A

foramen ovale

48
Q

What distinguishes nociception from pain?

A

Pain is the unpleasant sensory and emotional experience of stimulated receptors

49
Q

What is the sensation of pain in response to a normally innocuous stimulus known as?

A

allodynia

50
Q

What muscle is innervated by the facial nerve CN VII?

A

buccinator

51
Q

What sensory modality uses unmyelinated fibers to convey information to the CNS?

A

pain

52
Q

What is decussation?

A

crossover of motor and sensory neurons from one side of the body to the other within the CNS

53
Q

True or False: Damage to the dorsal columns leads to ipsilateral loss of the ability to detect light, touch, vibration, proprioception at the level of damage.

A

True

54
Q

What symptom results from damage to the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve?

A

loss of sensation in the tip of the tongue

55
Q
A

PASG 60200 Physiology (4 decks)

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