TBL 15, MSK Flashcards
where does the gluteus maximus attach to?
conditions that can cause the bone to break?
importance of femur bone
________– extension of the lowest part of the femur neck, gives attachment to Iliopsoas muscle
lesser trochanter
Majority of arterial blood supply of head of femur is through—
where does the acetabular get its blood from?
The femoral head articulates with the acetabulum of the hip. The acetabulum’s blood supply comes mainly from the acetabular, and pubic branches of the obturator artery, along with contributions from deep branches of the superior gluteal artery
obturator artery and superior gluteal artery
head of femur blood profunda femoris and its lateral and medial branch
Because of limited collateral circulation, disruption of the blood supply to the head of the femur can lead to ____________________
ischemia and subsequent necrosis– Progressive death of osteocytes, the collapse of the articular surface, and degenerative arthritis can occur if there is delay in the restoration of blood supply
Because of limited collateral circulation, disruption of the blood supply to the head of the femur can lead to ischemia and subsequent necrosis– Progressive death of osteocytes, the collapse of the articular surface, and degenerative arthritis can occur if there is delay in the restoration of blood supply
____________– gives attachment to fibular (lateral) collateral ligament of knee joint
Lateral epicondyle
_________- present between lateral and medial condyles
– posterior cruciate ligament and anterior cruciate ligament (knee joint) are attached to the intercondylar fossa
ii) Intercondylar fossa (notch)-
_________– give attachment to tibial (medial) collateral ligament of knee joint, superiorly posses the adductor tubercle
Articular surface– articulates with the_______
iii) Medial epicondyle–
patella
Clinical significances of thigh muscles and connective tissue:
a) As major thigh muscles are the largest muscles of the body– resistance (strength training) exercises of thigh muscles stimulate their blood flow
_________– injuries to soft connective tissues in the thigh (e.g, pulled [strained] biceps femoris muscle, which can result from tearing of the origin of the muscle)
c) Sprains, strains, bruising, tendinitis
‘Compartmental syndrome’
Increased intracompartmental pressure (e.g, due to acute trauma, etc) can lead to ‘Compartmental syndrome’– which can result in decreased ability of arteries to supply blood to the affected muscles and nerves
muscles of the anterior compartement:
Sartorius and Quadriceps femoris muscles (Vastus lateralis, Vastus intermedius, Vastus medialis, and Rectus femoris)– cause extension of knee, and assist in flexion of thigh at the hip joint
sartorius and rectus femoris originate from AIIS
femoral triangle contents and borders
Femoral sheath– allows passage to femoral vessels between the abdomen and the thigh,
. Femoral artery and its branches– pulse of femoral artery is best felt at mid-inguinal point
Clinical significance of Quadriceps femoris muscles:
a) Quadriceps strength (leg) exercises (e.g, squat, leg press, leg extension, etc)
b) Target for manual and physical therapies for repetitive strain and sports injuries c) Weakness or fatigue of Quadriceps muscles can cause knee pain
Vastus medialis clinical significance
maltracking of patella (patellar tracking disorder– movement of the kneecap that is not aligned, e.g, the kneecap moving sideways)
Vastus intermedius clinical significance
Clinical significance: decreased accessibility to manipulate with massage therapy (as compared to Vastus medialis, Vastus lateralis, and Rectus femoris)
Vastus lateralis:
- Clinical significance:
recommended site for intramuscular injections– in infants and those
who are unable to walk (with loss of muscular tone)
Clinical significance of rectus femoris
- Extension of knee joint, assist in flexion of thigh at the hip joint *
Clinical significance:
a) Rectus femoris (Hip flexor) strain– occur during forceful movements related to sprinting, jumping or kicking (e.g, during a foot ball or soccer match)
b) Avulsion fracture of anterior iliac spine fragment (e.g, in young athletes) due to forceful rectus femoris contraction with a force greater than that which holds the bone together
muscles of the posterior thigh
semitendinosus and semimembranosus muscles are innervated by ______
Biceps femoris muscle:
long head vs short head innervation of sciatic nerve
clinical significance
muscles of the medial compartment
origin and muscles
muscles of the medial compartment roles
Adductor longus, and ii) Adductor brevis muscles innervation:
Adductor magnus muscle:
pubofemoral vs ischiocondylar
a) pubofemoral (adductor) portion– innervated by obturator nerve
b) ischiocondylar (hamstring) portion– sometimes included in the posterior (Hamstring) compartment of thigh due to its common embryologic origin, innervated by Sciatic nerve-tibial nerve
– powerful adduction of thigh at hip joint by Adductor magnus
pectineus muscle innervationPectineus muscle:
primarily innervated by the femoral nerve, but it can also receive innervation from the obturator nerve
femoral canal in femoral triangle importance
Clinical significance– Femoral triangle provides the potential site for:
femoral hernia obstructed vs strangulated
inguinal hernia location:
adductor canal boundaries and contents
clinical significance of adductor canal
contents
Inguinal region:
boundaries
lymphnodes found and how they are drained
Mid-inguinal point–
vs inguinal canal
inguinal canal walls
– superior wall (roof): aponeurosis of the external oblique, internal oblique and transverse abdominal muscles, and transversalis fascia
– inferior wall: inguinal ligament (runs from the pubic tubercle to the anterior superior iliac spine, important anatomical landmark in the diagnosis and surgical repair of inguinal hernia), lacunar ligament, and iliopubic tract
deep (internal) inguinal ring:
bounded inferiorly______
what passes through?
what vessels are found near?
clinical significance of inguinal region:
hydrocele
varicocele
inguinal hernia
can cause internal obstruction because the contents of the abdominal cavity are pressed within hernia
main complication: strangulation
direct vs indirect hernia:
label
label
label
