TBL 1 - Amino acids and structure function relationships in proteins Flashcards
Amino acid configuration found in proteins in the human body
L
L-DOPA
Derivative of tyrosine
Used to treat Parkinson’s disease
Essential Amino acids
THIK WLF VRM
Threonine Histidine Isoleucine Lysine Tryptophan Leucine Phenylalanine Valine Arginine - Essential in growing children Methionine
Gylcine is:
Flexible
Achiral
AA which is used as a source of energy for muscles
Alanine
SAM
S-adenosyl methionine
Methyl donor
BCAA’s
Isoeucine
Leucine
Valine
MSUD
Maple syrup urine disease
Deficiency in alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase complex
PKU
Phenylketonuria
Deficiency in phenylalanine hydroxylase
Which AA makes tyrosine? and by using which enzyme?
Phenylalanine
Phenylalanine hydroxylase
Precursor of DOPA
Tyrosine
Ketogenic only AA’s
KiLL
Lysine
Leucine
Gucogenic and ketogenic AA’s
Isoleucine, phenylalanine, threonine, tyrosine, tryptophan
Thank You IF u Would
Basic AA’s
vs
Acidic AA’s
Arginine
Lysine
Histidine
Aspartic acid
Glutamic acid
AA which is neutral at physiological pH:
Histidine
2 modified AA’s, how they are made and their biochemical significance:
hydroxyproline hydroxylysine
Hydroxylation reaction which requires Vitamin C as a cofactor
Used in collagen production
MSUD causes:
A build up of BCAAs in urine, and blood which are toxic to the brain and cause mental retardation
PKU patients can not synthesize which AA?
Tyrosine
Melanin is created by which AA
Tyrosine
In a PKU patient, phenylalanine is converted to what? and why
it can not be converted to tyrosine due the absence of phenylalanine hydroxylase, so instead it is converted to phenylacetate and phenyllacetate
Presentation of PKU patient
Mental retardation
Musty odor to urine
Hypopigmentation to skin
Serine and tyrosine unergo _____ reaction at the _____ group
phosphorylation
hydroxyl
AA’s that modify the acitivites of many enzymes through phosphorylation
Serine and tyrosine
Tyrosine is the precursor for:
Tyrosine Doesn’t Need Everyone To Make Dopamine
DOPA, norepinephrine, epinephrine, thyroxine, melanin, dopamine
Tryptophan is the precursor for:
Tryp’n Never helped a Medical Student
niacin (B3), melatonin, serotonin
Glutamine carries ______
Ammonia through out the body
Methionine is crucial in:
MET - STARTing the polypeptide chain
Synthesis of methyl donor SAM (S-adenosyl methionine)
Have you ever MET SAM?
Glycine’s importance:
Heme production
Abundant in collagen
Bonding present in secondary structures
Hydrogen bonding (intramolecular for alpha-helix intermolecular for beta-sheets) Sometimes disulfide bonding
Amino acids that are largely apart of alpha helices and why
Glycine- flexibility
Proline- rdigidity
3 types of beta sheets:
parallel, antiparallel, mixed
How are beta sheets connected?
Beta-turns which consist of proline and glycine
Beta turns frequently connect:
antiparallel beta-sheets
Motifs aka
super secondary structure
What are motifs:
Commonly observed folding motifs comprised of different secondary structures
______ have the characteristics of a small compact globular protein that is independent of other ____
Domain(s)
Domains can consist of which protein structure type
Tertiary structure
4 stabilizing interactions in protein folding
Ionic or electrostatic
Hydrogen bonding
DIsulfide bonding
Hydrophobic interactions
Quaternary structures are stabilized by:
non-covalent interactions
_____ assist in the proper folding of proteins
Chaperones
Mercaptethanol with Urea
Added to protein to break disulfide bonds / unfold protein structure
Reversible
Abnormal protein in sickle cell anemia
β-globin
Abnormal protein in Alzheimers disease
β-amyloid
Abnormal protein in CJD/Kuru/Mad cow
Prions
Abnormal protein in Huntingtons disease
polyglutamine repeats
Abnormal protein in parkinsons disease
and
Characteristic finding:
α-synuclein
Lewy bodies
Abnormal protein in osteogenesis imperfecta
Collagen type I
Abnormal protein in Elhers-danlos syndrome
Collagen type III
Protein denatruation caused by:
Increasing or decreasing pH
Altering ionic strength
Increasign temperature
Denaturing agents (SDS, Mercaptoethanol, urea)
Fibrous protein
Insoluable in water
Elongated and ridgid conformation
Structural
Ex: collagen and elastin
Collagen provides ______ strength
Tensile
Collagen is comprised of:
Glycine, proline, hydroxyproline and hydroxylysine
Parkinsons disease is characterized by a loss of conversion of ________ to ________
DOPA to Dopamine
Vitamin C deficiency leads to:
Scurvy - abnormal integrity of connective tissue and skin, leads to easy bruising
