Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MCM - Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms) > Membrane Structure, Lipids and Function > Flashcards

Membrane Structure, Lipids and Function Flashcards

1
Q

Two essential fatty acids

A

Linoleic acid and linolenic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Phospholipids are derivatives of

A

Phosphatidic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

RDS

A

Respiratory distress syndrome is associated with insufficient lung surfactant leading to partial lung collapse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Lysosomal Storage Disease

A

Mostly autosomal recessive

Inborn error of metabolism which results in an enzyme absence or deficiency

Leads to innaproprite storage in the cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Sphingosine is derived from

A

Serine

Palmitate (fatty acid)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Sphingophosholipids

A

Made up of a sphingosine back bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Sphingomyelin

A

Abundant in nerve tissue

Has a phosphocholine attached to sphingosine back bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Sphingolipids are a derivative of

A

ceramide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Cerebroside

A

Ceramide + 1 glucose or galactose

Found primarily in the myelin sheath

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Gaucher disease

A

AR

Defects in glucocerebrosidase which breaks down glucocerebrosides

Results in hepatosplenomegaly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Globosides

A

Ceramide + > 1 sugar

Sugar is often galalctose, glucose, or N-acetyl galactosamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Gangliosides

A

Globoside + acidic sugar

They also have a glucose or galalctose attachment

Found in myelin sheath

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Tay Sachs disaease

A

AR

Defect in hexosaminidase A

Enzyme breaks down GM2 gangliosides

Diagnosed at 3-6 months

Development slows

Muscles weaken

Loss of motor skills

Cherry red spot (on eye exam)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Neimann-pick disease

A

AR

Deficiency in sphingomyelinase

Accumulation of sphingomyelin in lysosomes causes hepatosplenomegaly and neurological damage

Cherry red spot in eye is present

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Sulfatides

A

Galactocebrosides + sulfuric acid

Major component of myelin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Integral proteins

A

Firmly embedded in the membrane
Stabilized through hydrophobic interactions
6 types of integral proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Transmembrane proteins

A

A type of integral protein which can interact with both external and internal envt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Peripheral proteins

A

loosely bound to the membrane surface through electrostatic interactions with other proteins or lipids

Removed through pH change or ionic concentration change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Lipid anchored proteins

A

Covalent interaction with lipid molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Functions of proteins on membrane

A

Recpetors
Channels, gates, pumps
Enzymes
ATP synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Carbohydrates and the cell membrane

A

Covalently attached to membrane

Form glycocalyx which serves in protection, adhesion and identification (diseased/foreign cells vs healthy cells)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Membrane is selectively permeable to:

and impermeable to:

A

Small polar solutes and
non polar molecules

Large polar molecules and ions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Factors affecting membrane fluidity

A

Temperature
Cholesterol
Saturation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Temperatures affect on membrane fluidity

A

Temp&raquo_space;» Tm (membranes transition temperature) - too fluid

Temp > Tm - optimal

Temp < Tm - too rigid

25
Q

Lipid composition on membrane fluidity

A

Saturated - decreases fluidity

Unsaturated - increases fluiditiy

26
Q

Cholesterol on membrane fluidity

A

Cholesterol in a fluid membrane - less fluidity

Cholesterol in a rigid membrane - more fluidity

27
Q

Lateral diffusion

A

Fast

Not catalyzed

28
Q

Transverse diffusion

A

Flipping form one side of the mebrane to the other
With out enzymes - very slow
With enzymes - fast

29
Q

Enzymes that help with transverse diffusion

A

Floppase
Flippase
Scarmblase

Use ATP hydrolysis

30
Q

Flippase

A

Outer to cytosolic

31
Q

Floppase

A

Cytosolic to outer

32
Q

Scramblase

A

Move in either direction toward equilibrium

33
Q

Amphitropic

A

Having an affinity for both lipid and aqueous environments

34
Q

Rate of passive transport depends on

A 
Temperature 
Concentration
Mass
Thickness
Solubility
Density 
Surface area
35
Q

Molecules that are transported via passive diffusion

A 
N2
O2
CO2
lipids
hormones
36
Q

Facilliated diffusion 2 types

A

Channel mediated

Carrier mediated

37
Q

Types of channel mediated diffusion

A

Leakage channels - periodically open

Gated channels - open in response to stimuli

38
Q

3 types of gated channels

A

Ligand gated
Voltage gated
Mechanical gated

39
Q

2 types of ligand gated channels

A

Ionotropic - ligand binds, channel opens

Metabotropic - G-coupled receptor bound which causes another channel to open

40
Q

Carrier mediated transport

A

Transmembrane proteins bind to a specific substance causing a conformational change that allows for substance to be carried through

GLUT 4, aquaporins

41
Q

Tonicity

A

Concentration of a solution

42
Q

Physiological tonicity

A

0.9% saline

43
Q

Cystinuria

A

The result of mutations in channels that reabsorb basic AAs

COLA
Cysteine 
Ornithine 
Lysine
Arginine

High levels of cysteine in urine, crystallization, stone formation

44
Q

Antiport vs symport

A

Antiport- primary active transport, rely on ATP, pumped in opposite direction, Na+/K+ pumps

Symport- secondary active transport, use energy stored in chemical gradients, pumped in the same direction

45
Q

Antiport pump types

A

V-type pumps
F-type pumps
P-type pumps
ATP binding cassette (ABC) pump

46
Q

ATP binding cassette (ABC) pump

A

Transport outside of the cell (effluxors)

Substrate binds > conformational change > ATP binds > channel opens

47
Q

ATP binding cassette (ABC) pump example

A

CFTR channels mediate active transport of Cl– ions from inside cells to outside in the airway, Na+ and H2O usually follow

Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder resulting in mutations to CFTR which don’t allow the transport of Cl- and therefore Na+ and H20 which leads to a build up of thick mucous (w/o water) outside of the cells

Multi Drug Resistance (MDR) in chemotherapy - pumps out medication too quickly

48
Q

P-type pumps

A

Transport cations, autophosphorylation using ATP

49
Q

F-type pumps

A

Transports H+
Catalyze ATP formation

ex: ETC

50
Q

V-type pumps

A

Transport H+ to acidify compartments such as intracellular organelles or across the plasma membrane

Osteoclasts use V-pumps to absorb bone mineral. Defects in the pumps result in osteopetrosis

Renal tubules rely on V-pumps to secrete protons into the urine. Renal tubular acidosis results from a failure of these pumps, resulting in proton accumulation in the blood

51
Q

Symport pumps

A

Potential energy stored in H+ or Na+ concentration gradient drives transport of a separate substances against their own concentration gradient

52
Q

Ex of symport pumps

A

Absorption of glucose (Glc) and amino acids in renal tubule rely on Na+ concentration gradients

53
Q

3 types of endocytosis

A

Phagocytosis - solid phase uptake (eating)
PInocytosis - liquid phase uptake (drinking)
Receptor mediated endocytosis - ligand binds to cell surface receptor which allows entry to cell (seen with viruses)

54
Q

Transcytosis

A

Combination of endocytosis and exocytosis to move substances from one side of a cell, across it, and out the other side

(insulin transport across cell)

55
Q

What allows the fusing of two membranes in vessicle formation

A

Fusogen

56
Q

2 broad classes of viral fusogens

A

pH independent fusion proteins - function at neutral conditions

Acid-dependent fusion proteins

57
Q

Syncytium

A

multinucleate cell which can result from multiple cells fusing together

Ex: sperm with oocyte fusion

58
Q

Transport of vesicles between compartments involves _______

A

Budding and fusion

59
Q

Premiscous/permissive carriers

A

ABC transporters

-MDRs

MCM - Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms) (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions