TBI, Spinal Injury, & Polytrauma Flashcards
Main extracranial priorities in patient with TBI?
Airway obstruction Oxygenation (SpO2 > 95%) Ventilation Volume status Penetrating wounds
Categories of Modified Glasgow Coma Scale?
- Level of consciousness
- Motor activity
- Brain stem reflexes
What pupil position indicates early severe trauma? Progressive trauma?
Early severe trauma: miotic pupils OU
Progressive: one miotic, one mydriatic
What is cerebral perfusion pressure?
CPP = MAP - ICP
Normal is 40-120 mmHg
What is the Cushing’s reflex?
Bradycardia and hypertension after increase in ICP
Treatment for TBI?
Hypertonic saline
Mannitol
NO STERIODS
Common causes of spinal trauma?
High-impact trauma
Falls from height
Bite wounds
Main types of forces that cause spina fractures?
- Flexion (ventral fx)
- Extension (dorsal fx)
- Crushing/compression
What factors may help predict prognosis in spinal injuries?
Deep pain presence/absence Trauma burden Motor function Imaging Concurrent injuries
When is splinting appropriate for spinal trauma?
Temporary stabilization
Minimally displaced lumbar fractures
Dogs with good motor function where surgical fixation is not viable
What is the 3 compartment theory?
Disruption of more than one compartment OR the ventral compartment compromises stability of the vertebral column
When is surgery indicated for spinal trauma?
2 compartments or ventral compartment is compromised
Compression is present
Animal is not amenable to medical management
What are the benefits of surgical management of spinal trauma?
Open reduction
Strong fixation
Decompression of spine
Faster and more complete recovery
What are the disadvantages of surgical management of spinal trauma?
Cost
Risk of infection
need for specialist
