Neurologic Manifestations Of Systemic Disease Flashcards
Renal encephalopathy
Severe azotemia -> uremia -> mentation changes
Feline renal transplant patients
Dialysis disequilibrium (rapid overcorrection of an abnormality)
Hypoglycemia
Immature animals, iatrogenic insulin overdose, Xylitol, insulinoma, sepsis, Addisonian crisis
Present with seizures
Tx: increase serum glucose and treat underlying disease (immature: feed, insulinoma: pred)
Hyperglycemia
DKA, hyerglycemia hyerosmolar syndrome (produce a small amount of insulin to prevent ketosis)
Main effects due to dehydration, hyperglycemia, and hyerosmolarity
Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic Syndrome
Stuporous, comatose
BG > 800, azotemic, hyernatremic
IV fluids must contain Na to avoid cerebral edema!
Avoid dropping glucose too quickly
Hypertensive Encephalopathy
Brain function needs MAP 60-160 mmHg
Organs affects: brain, retinas, kidneys
Seizure, vestibular signs, collapse, parlaysis, anisocoria, blindness
MRI: focal areas of edema, ischemic/hemorrhagic infarcts
Tx: control BP (enalapril, amlodipine), treat underlying disease
Cardiac arrythmias
Dec cardiac output -> dec CBF
Bradycardia, collapse
Reverse PDA
Adult dogs
No murmur
Differential cyanosis, pelvic limb weakness, polycythemic
Hyperviscosity
Polycythemia, hyperproteinemia, hypercholesterolemia
CS due to hypoxia and reduced perfusion
Polycythemia vera
Present for seizures
Tx: phlebotomy, hyroxyurea
Blood hyperviscocity due to protein
Hyperglobuminemia
Multiple myeloma, plasma cell tumor, infectious (rickettsial), FIP
Blood hyperviscocity due to hypercholesterolemia/hypertriglyceridemia
Miniature schnauzers
Triglycerides (> 1000)
Tx: diet, thyroid supplementation, statins
Coagulation abnormalities
Throw clots to brain/spinal cord
Neoplasia
Direct effects or paraneplastic syndromes
Sepsis
Hypotension, hypoglycemia, hyperbilirubinemia, coag abnormalities, vasculitis, shock
Neuro exam will not be normal
