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Nursing 4 Test 3 > TBI > Flashcards

TBI Flashcards

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1
Q

initial damage to the brain.

A

primary injury

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2
Q

hours or days after the primary injury. In adequate delivery of nutrients

A

secondary

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3
Q

simple abrasion, scalp bleeds profusely, hematoma beneath the layers of the tissue of the scalp

A

superficial injury

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4
Q

management of a superficial injury

A

determine degree, clean wound, apply antibiotic cream, ct to rule out fracture, TT may be needed

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5
Q

Lobe? Personality, behavior, emotion, intellectual functions, concentration, judement

A

frontal

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6
Q

brocas area is where? what is caused there

A

frontal, language production. (Expressive aphasia)

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7
Q

lobe: sensory area sensory discrimination

A

parietal

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8
Q

Lobe? Visual reception, visual interpretation

A

occipital (OH I SEE)

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9
Q

motor coordination equilibrium, balance

A

cereBELLum. Bella gets me home when I am drunk

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10
Q

hearing, taste smell (TSH), memory

A

temporal.

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11
Q

which speech area does the temporal lobe have

A

wernicke’s (receptive aphasia)

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12
Q

breathing, digestion, HR control, vessel control A/O

A

brain stem

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13
Q

low velocity impact, simple break in continuity, temporal bone meningeal artery tear,

A

simple or linear skull fracture

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14
Q

underneath what is CSF

A

dura mater

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15
Q

splinted or multiple line, fragmented interruptions, contaminated and open would debridement and surgical closure

A

open or comminuted skull fracture

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16
Q

tear to dura, CSF leakage

A

basal skull fracture

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17
Q

Halo sign

A

CSF leakage. Blood with yellow ring around it

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18
Q

when leaking blood from the nose, don’t do what?

A

blow it

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19
Q

battle sign

A

ecchymosis over the mastoid bone. bulging tempanic membrane, raccoon eyes or periorbital ecchymosis

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20
Q

battle sign is a sign of

A

basal skull fracture

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21
Q

halo sign is a sign of

A

basal skull fracture

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22
Q

displacement of communited skull fracture. frequently seen with contusions or lacerations

A

depressed skull fracture

23
Q

halo sign, battle sign, otorrhea, rhinorrhea, R/F infection, persistent localized pain

A

depressed skull fracture

24
Q

in a depressed skull fracture, elevation of the bone and debridement needs to happen within

A

24 hours

25
Q

drainage of CSF is a major problem associated with

A

meningitis

26
Q

skull fracture diagnostic tests

A

xray, CT, MRI, cerebral angiography

27
Q

with is the safest and which is the most accurate diagnostic tests for skull fracture

A

CT scan - safe. MRI - accurate

28
Q

types of hematomas

A

epidural, subdural, intracerebral

29
Q

bleeding between het space of the skull and dura

A

epidural hematoma

30
Q

most common in temperal bone area. laceration of and artery or vein. CLASSIC SYMPTOM: brief LOC followed by lucid interval lasting from min to hours

A

epidural hematoma

31
Q

when lucid and awake, compensation is occuring. when no longer able to compensate?

A

rapid deterioration of LOC, restless, agitation, confusion, can progress to coma.

32
Q

bleeding between the dura and the arachnoid layer

A

subdural hematoma

33
Q

type of subdural hematoma where the symptoms last for 48 hours to three weeks. bleeding at a much slower rate

A

subacute subdural hematoma

34
Q

subdural hematoma that lasts 3 weeks to several months. develops slowly from the repeated small venous bleed until a significant mass effect develops

A

chronic subdural hematoma

35
Q

hematoma usually seen in the elderly due to brain shrinkage which weakens tissue and stretches blood vessels

A

chronic subdural hematoma

36
Q

bleeding into the substance of the brain. head injuries. aneurysm rupture, intracranial tumors, bleeding disorders, anticoagulant therapy

A

intracerebral hematoma

37
Q

a sudden change in the clients behavior is an indication of

A

ICP

38
Q

a sudden change in behavior needs to be

A

reported stat

39
Q

hematoma management

A

anti-seizure medication, CCB (nimodipine), mannitol

40
Q

which CCB for hematoma management

A

nimodipine

41
Q

shaking of the brain

A

concussion

42
Q

LOC less than 30 min. self reported, memory lapse,

A

mild concussion

43
Q

results in LOC, last less than six hourse, post traumatic amnesia

A

classic concussion

44
Q

characterized by a second impact within several weeks before the brain recovers from the first concussion. massive cerebral edema and death can occur

A

second impact syndrome

45
Q

bruising of the brain due to skull fracture or hematoma

A

contusion

46
Q

frontal lobe and occipital lobe affected

A

coup/countercoup

47
Q

causes: blunt trauma, penetrating wound, acceleration/deceleration injuries by MVA, falls, assaults

A

contusion

48
Q

greater release of ADH, excessive retention of water, hyponatremia

A

SIADH

49
Q

avoid what after TBI due to masking symptoms

A

opioids

50
Q

injury to the white matter that results in tearing and shearing of axons and small blood vessels

A

diffuse axonal injury

51
Q

coma, decrebrate, decorticate posture. long term disability is final outcome

A

diffuse axonal injury

52
Q

score of less than 8? Score of less than 3?

A

vent, complete coma

53
Q

patient is awake with no cognitive awareness. state of coma after severe brain injury.

A

persistent vegetative state

54
Q

score of less than 3. sustained, severe head injury, compatible with life, coma, absence of brain stem reflexes and apnea

A

brain death

Nursing 4 Test 3 (11 decks)

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