TBI

Question 1

Most common cause of TBI:

Answer 1

Falls were the most frequent cause in young children and older adults while motor vehicle collisions were the most frequent cause in those 15-24 years old

Question 2

What age range has highest rate of TBI

Answer 2

The rate was highest among those 4 years old or less, followed by those 15-24, and over 75

Question 3

What is patho-physiology of TBI from bast injury

Answer 3

Blast injury involves negative pressure waves following an explosion and is hypothesized to result in diffuse axonal injury in the brain and spinal cord.

Question 4

3 categories of GCS

Answer 4

severe (GCS 3-8), moderate (GCS 9-12), and mild (GCS 13-15)

Question 5

Good TBI recovery is unlikely if:

Answer 5

Time to follow commands is longer than one month;

Duration of PTA is greater than 3 months;

Age 65 or older

Question 6

Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) has been characterized by normal structural imaging, a Glasgow Coma Scale of 13 to 15, loss of consciousness of less than 30 minutes, with altered consciousness < 24 hours, and post-traumatic amnesia < 1 day.

Answer 6

GCS 13-15

Question 7

The Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center estimates that what percentage of returning combat veterans have sustained a TBI?

Answer 7

20%

Question 8

A very rare and avoidable complication that can occur when an individual sustains a second mTBI prior to full recovery is called?

Answer 8

Second-Impact Syndrome

Question 9

Early “pre injury” predictions of poor outcomes after mild TBI are?

Answer 9

older age, 
female gender, 
low socioeconomic status, 
lower education, 
lower intellectual functioning, 
pre-existing mental health conditions (e.g., depression, anxiety, PTSD, substance use disorders);

Question 10

Early “peri-injury” predictions of poor outcomes after mild TBI are?

Answer 10

lesser social support

Question 11

Early “post-injury” predictions of poor outcomes after mild TBI are?

Answer 11

litigation/compensation-seeking,
co-morbid mental health conditions,
chronic pain,
lesser social support.