TBI

Question 1

Causes of Hypoxic brain injury (4)

Answer 1

cardiac arrest, toxicity, near drowning, system hypotension (shock)

Question 2

Most vulnerable areas to Hypoxic brian injury? (3)
Why?

Answer 2

Hippocampus, associated areas, executive function
high metabolic needs

Question 3

how long does it take for Hypoxic brain injury?

Answer 3

4 min

Question 4

Damage areas in DAI (4)

Answer 4

Corpus Callosum
BG
brain stem
Cerebellum

Question 5

DAI is caused? (2)

Answer 5

Shearing of axons due to strech
Traumatic microhemorrhages

Question 6

Epidural causes and surgery (2)

Answer 6

Blunt force trauma or severe MVA
Craniotomies and evacuation

Question 7

Subdural causes and results in?

Answer 7

rupture to cortical bridging VEINS
results in slow leaks

Question 8

What 2 areas are similar CVA symptoms

Answer 8

Subdural and Intracranial

Question 9

Subdural are seen in which age group

Answer 9

young or elderly due to greatetest between brain and dura matter

Question 10

Subarachnoid surgery

Answer 10

spinal tap

Question 11

What area is the most life threating damage in TBI?

Answer 11

subarachnoid

Question 12

Subarachnoid results and treatment (3)

Answer 12

Vasospasums
treat with hypervolemia, HTN, Hyperpufusion

Question 13

seizures happen to what are in the brain in TBI damage? why

Answer 13

Intracranial b/c blood (Fe is oxidative)

Question 14

Secondary brain damage length

Answer 14

period of hours to days after the initial trauma

Question 15

cellular Causes of secondary brain damage (3)

Answer 15

cytokines, edema from BBB damage, Hbg

Question 16

ICP secondary damage can result in (5)

Answer 16

Cerebral hypoxia
intracranial hemorrhage
seizures
dysautonomia
brain shift and herniation

Question 17

Dysautonomic can be triggered by an event?

Answer 17

no

Question 18

GCS for dysautonomia

Answer 18

3-8

Question 19

Signs and symptoms of dysautonomia (7)

Answer 19

Hyperthermia, Tachypnea, tachycardia, HTN, Diaphoresis, Posturing, Agitation
PATH

Question 20

Causes of Midline shift

Answer 20

rise in ICP
swelling

Question 21

Midline shift intervention

Answer 21

Surgery if shift is >4mm- taking part of skull, craniectomy

Question 22

Uncl herniation area and affects what CN nerve

Answer 22

midbrain
CN 3

Question 23

Unus herniation symtoms

Answer 23

pupil dilates and down and out

Question 24

Tonsillar herniation symptom’s

Answer 24

Respiratory and cardiac fluctuations

Question 25

Motor impairments in TBI (4)

Answer 25

weakness, spasticity, posturing, CN

Question 26

Decorticate causes (2)

Answer 26

Unsuppressed UE flexor activation
Rubrospinal is involved

Question 27

Decerebrate causes (2)

Answer 27

Unsuppres extensor activation
Vestibulospinal pathway

Question 28

Conjugate gaze palsy location

Answer 28

CNS, meidal

Question 29

Unilateral gaze palsy location

Answer 29

PNS, distal

Question 30

Tonic downward gaze location damage (3)

Answer 30

thalamus, midbrain, pons

Question 31

tonic upward gaze damage to

Answer 31

severe injury to both hemispheres

Question 32

Doll eyes

Answer 32

Severe brain stem dysfunction

Question 33

abnormal pupillary response can be caused (2)

Answer 33

Increase ICP, uncul herniation

Question 34

damage to CN V can result

Answer 34

Loss of sensation to nose, eyebrow, forehead

Question 35

Damage to CN VII will result in (3)

Answer 35

muscle weakness, dry eye, decreased saliva and taste

Question 36

What CN will make rehab 3X longer

Answer 36

CN VIII

Question 37

HA from TBI location

Answer 37

Subarachnoid

Question 38

what is more damage? declarative or procedral

Answer 38

Procedural

Question 39

MARS outcome measure scale

Answer 39

22-110; HIGHER score = better attention

Question 40

MARS outcome criteria
what does it do
how long do you observe

Answer 40

Average observations over 3 days
Use for RLA IV or higher