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Biology > TB, Rabies , Malaria , candida , athletes foo > Flashcards

TB, Rabies , Malaria , candida , athletes foo Flashcards

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1
Q

Where are Rabies found ?

A

In mammals

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2
Q

What does rabies do?

A

Rabies infects the nervous system of mammals

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3
Q

Side effects of Rabies?

A

Become mentally disturbed and aggressive

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4
Q

How to prevent Rabies ?

A

Vaccinate your pets

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5
Q

What does TB stand for ?

A

Tuberculosis

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6
Q

What is TB

A

It’s a chronic bacterial disease which in humans is usually caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis

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7
Q

How is TB spread ?

A

Air , break in mucous droplets, people live close together , inadequate housing , low immune system

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8
Q

Name 8 Symptoms of TB

A 
Coughing ( 3+ weeks)
Coughing blood 
Chest pain
Weight loss 
Fatigue 
Chills 
Fever 
Night sweats
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9
Q

How is TB diagnosed?

A
  • The lymph nodes are checked for swelling
  • Sound of lungs
  • Skin tests
  • Blood tests
  • spit test
  • xrays
  • PPD tuberculin
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10
Q

Explain what PPD tuberculin means ?

A

This substance is Injected - 48 to 72 hours a health doc will check for swelling

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11
Q

How is TB treated ? What are the two names of the drugs v

A

More ham 20 drugs available , different cocktails are used ( usually 4) - bedaquiline & delamanid for people with susceptible TB in six months

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12
Q

Bedaquiline and delamanid

A

Aggressive antibiotics

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13
Q

MDR TB

A

Multi drug resistance- does not react to prescribed drug , a strain that is resistant towards the medication

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14
Q

What is Extreme MDR TB

A

A even more resistant Strain of TB

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15
Q

How to prevent TB ?

A

Don’t spend long periods of time is stuffy , enclosed areas

Immunization ( especially with children as they have an incomplete immunity)

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16
Q

Relationship between TB and AIDS

A

HIV/AIDS weakens the immune system and makes one susceptible to opportunistic infections such as TB

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17
Q

Hat is the name of the vaccination given for TB

A

the BGG - vaccine

18
Q

What is malaria ?

A

A potentially fatal tropical disease caused by the plasmodium parasite .

19
Q

How is Malaria treated ?

A

With the chloroquine or hydroxchloroquine drug

20
Q

What is he name of the anti-Malaria drug?

A

Quinine

21
Q

What is the traditional medicine used to treat Malaria ?

A

Artemisia

22
Q

The 11 steps of the life cycle of the plasmodium in the mosquito

A

1) a Malaria infected female anopheles mosquito inoculates sporozites to the human host
2) sprozites infect liver cells
3) then they mature into schizonts
4) schizonts rupture & release merozoites
5) merozoites infect red blood cells
6) blood stage parasites are responsible for the clinical manifestation of the disease
7) the gametocytes are ingested by an anopheles mos during a feeding
8) in mos’s stomach , zygotes are generated
9) zygote invade midgut of stomach wall and develop into cocysts
10) the cocysts grow , rupture and release sporozoites which Transfer to the mosquitoes salivary glands
11) mos bites human

23
Q

Five steps of the life cycle of plasmodium in humans

A

1) mos bites human , injections sporozoites which enter the liver cells
2) sporozoites enter the liver , where they reproduce asexually to form merozoites.
3) merozoites travel from liver cells to red blood cells where they reproduce asexually causing disease symptoms
4) male and female gamonts are formed in blood cells . Mos sucks blood and gamonts are in stomach of mos
5) gamonts form sex cells which fuse in fertilization . Zygotes undergo meiosis forming cysts from which many new sporozoites emerge

24
Q

Prevention and control of malaria ( biological control)

A

-entomophathogenoc fungi
- bacterial agents
- doors and windows closed
- cover body
-mos net
-antimalaria tablets
Introduce certain fish species

25
Q

How is malaria transmitted ?

A

By female anopheles mosquito because she needs protein ( blood) is o fertilize egg cells )

26
Q

Symptoms of malaria?

A
  • fever
  • chills
  • night sweats
  • fatigue
  • nausea and vomiting
  • headache
  • love and spleen swollen and infected - jaundice & anaemia as RBC burst
  • infected RBC can block blood vessels that supply brain , kidney and other blood vessels
27
Q

Stages of Malaria?

A

1) warning signs 11-14 days after infection (flu symptoms)
2) high temp , parasites invades RBC and they burst
3) cycle repeats itself every 48-72 hours

28
Q

Why does the plasmodium reproduce in the liver

A

The liver is detox organ and “dumping” ground for lots of nutrients and rich in blood

29
Q

Environmental control of malaria

A

(1) Drain stagnant water
(2) spray insecticide in homes e.g. DDT
(3) mos breeding places sprayed

30
Q

What is candida.

A

“Thrush” caused by a yeast fungus called CANDIDA ALBICANS

31
Q

Why kingdom does candida fall under ?

A

Fungi

32
Q

Treatment for candida. ?

A

Bodies immune sys

Antibiotics

33
Q

Symptoms of candida ?

A

Month = red , swollen , ( white patches)

Penis = red and swollen

Vagina = burning / itching of vagina

Nappy rashes ( red pimples rash with sharp outline)

34
Q

Favorable conditions for candida

A

Warm , moist

35
Q

Candida - causes / infection

A 
Male not as vulnerable
Sexually active 
Oral contraceptives 
Low immune system 
Undernourished 
Stress
Aids / cancer 
Young kids ( mouth)
36
Q

What is athletes foot?

A

Fungal Infection that affects the skin on feet , can spread to toenails and hands

37
Q

Name of athletes foot

A

Tinea pedis

38
Q

Causes of athletes foot

A

Direct contact with infected person

Shower and locker room floors

Swimming pools

39
Q

How is athletes foot treated

A

DTC - topical anti fungal
Oral
Tea tree

40
Q

Althetes foot feeds on the keratin present in the skin cells

A

Althetes foot feeds on the keratin present in the skin cells

41
Q

Symptoms of athletes foot

A

Itching , burning between toes , blisters on feet , cracking of the skin , crumbly toe nails .

42
Q

Why would you take Bulgarian yoghurt or “inteflora” supplements with an antibiotic ?

A

Probiotics / yoghurt replenishes the beneficial bacteria ; inteflora in gut)

Biology (8 decks)

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