TB, Rabies , Malaria , candida , athletes foo Flashcards
Where are Rabies found ?
In mammals
What does rabies do?
Rabies infects the nervous system of mammals
Side effects of Rabies?
Become mentally disturbed and aggressive
How to prevent Rabies ?
Vaccinate your pets
What does TB stand for ?
Tuberculosis
What is TB
It’s a chronic bacterial disease which in humans is usually caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis
How is TB spread ?
Air , break in mucous droplets, people live close together , inadequate housing , low immune system
Name 8 Symptoms of TB
Coughing ( 3+ weeks) Coughing blood Chest pain Weight loss Fatigue Chills Fever Night sweats
How is TB diagnosed?
- The lymph nodes are checked for swelling
- Sound of lungs
- Skin tests
- Blood tests
- spit test
- xrays
- PPD tuberculin
Explain what PPD tuberculin means ?
This substance is Injected - 48 to 72 hours a health doc will check for swelling
How is TB treated ? What are the two names of the drugs v
More ham 20 drugs available , different cocktails are used ( usually 4) - bedaquiline & delamanid for people with susceptible TB in six months
Bedaquiline and delamanid
Aggressive antibiotics
MDR TB
Multi drug resistance- does not react to prescribed drug , a strain that is resistant towards the medication
What is Extreme MDR TB
A even more resistant Strain of TB
How to prevent TB ?
Don’t spend long periods of time is stuffy , enclosed areas
Immunization ( especially with children as they have an incomplete immunity)
Relationship between TB and AIDS
HIV/AIDS weakens the immune system and makes one susceptible to opportunistic infections such as TB
Hat is the name of the vaccination given for TB
the BGG - vaccine
What is malaria ?
A potentially fatal tropical disease caused by the plasmodium parasite .
How is Malaria treated ?
With the chloroquine or hydroxchloroquine drug
What is he name of the anti-Malaria drug?
Quinine
What is the traditional medicine used to treat Malaria ?
Artemisia
The 11 steps of the life cycle of the plasmodium in the mosquito
1) a Malaria infected female anopheles mosquito inoculates sporozites to the human host
2) sprozites infect liver cells
3) then they mature into schizonts
4) schizonts rupture & release merozoites
5) merozoites infect red blood cells
6) blood stage parasites are responsible for the clinical manifestation of the disease
7) the gametocytes are ingested by an anopheles mos during a feeding
8) in mos’s stomach , zygotes are generated
9) zygote invade midgut of stomach wall and develop into cocysts
10) the cocysts grow , rupture and release sporozoites which Transfer to the mosquitoes salivary glands
11) mos bites human
Five steps of the life cycle of plasmodium in humans
1) mos bites human , injections sporozoites which enter the liver cells
2) sporozoites enter the liver , where they reproduce asexually to form merozoites.
3) merozoites travel from liver cells to red blood cells where they reproduce asexually causing disease symptoms
4) male and female gamonts are formed in blood cells . Mos sucks blood and gamonts are in stomach of mos
5) gamonts form sex cells which fuse in fertilization . Zygotes undergo meiosis forming cysts from which many new sporozoites emerge
Prevention and control of malaria ( biological control)
-entomophathogenoc fungi
- bacterial agents
- doors and windows closed
- cover body
-mos net
-antimalaria tablets
Introduce certain fish species
How is malaria transmitted ?
By female anopheles mosquito because she needs protein ( blood) is o fertilize egg cells )
Symptoms of malaria?
- fever
- chills
- night sweats
- fatigue
- nausea and vomiting
- headache
- love and spleen swollen and infected - jaundice & anaemia as RBC burst
- infected RBC can block blood vessels that supply brain , kidney and other blood vessels
Stages of Malaria?
1) warning signs 11-14 days after infection (flu symptoms)
2) high temp , parasites invades RBC and they burst
3) cycle repeats itself every 48-72 hours
Why does the plasmodium reproduce in the liver
The liver is detox organ and “dumping” ground for lots of nutrients and rich in blood
Environmental control of malaria
(1) Drain stagnant water
(2) spray insecticide in homes e.g. DDT
(3) mos breeding places sprayed
What is candida.
“Thrush” caused by a yeast fungus called CANDIDA ALBICANS
Why kingdom does candida fall under ?
Fungi
Treatment for candida. ?
Bodies immune sys
Antibiotics
Symptoms of candida ?
Month = red , swollen , ( white patches)
Penis = red and swollen
Vagina = burning / itching of vagina
Nappy rashes ( red pimples rash with sharp outline)
Favorable conditions for candida
Warm , moist
Candida - causes / infection
Male not as vulnerable Sexually active Oral contraceptives Low immune system Undernourished Stress Aids / cancer Young kids ( mouth)
What is athletes foot?
Fungal Infection that affects the skin on feet , can spread to toenails and hands
Name of athletes foot
Tinea pedis
Causes of athletes foot
Direct contact with infected person
Shower and locker room floors
Swimming pools
How is athletes foot treated
DTC - topical anti fungal
Oral
Tea tree
Althetes foot feeds on the keratin present in the skin cells
Althetes foot feeds on the keratin present in the skin cells
Symptoms of athletes foot
Itching , burning between toes , blisters on feet , cracking of the skin , crumbly toe nails .
Why would you take Bulgarian yoghurt or “inteflora” supplements with an antibiotic ?
Probiotics / yoghurt replenishes the beneficial bacteria ; inteflora in gut)
