Immunity

Question 1

Considering immunity in animals , what are infections caused by ?

Answer 1

Pathogens - viruses , bacteria , Protozoa, fungi

Question 2

What does the immune system consist of ?

Answer 2

(1) skin
(2) lymphatic system
(3) spleen
(4) bone marrow

Question 3

What does the immune system manufacture.

Answer 3

Leucocytes -bone and thymus and phagocytes that actually destroy the pathogens

Question 4

What is the first line of defense against germs ?

Answer 4

The acid in your stomach , external barriers that prevent harmful substances from penetrating the body , coughing and sneezing reflex where germs are expelled , washing action on tears , and mucous secreted in respiratory tract that traps microbes

Question 5

What is another word used to describe the first line of defense?

Answer 5

Natural immunity

Question 6

The second line of defense. ?

Answer 6

Inflammation and fever

Question 7

Purpose of the second line of defense. ?

Answer 7

Attempts to stop the multiplication of germs or prevent spreading until the body can initiate and acquired immune response

Question 8

Why fever?

Answer 8

Increases body’s temp , and inhabits the growth of germs as they optimally grow at lower temps

Question 9

Why inflammation ?

Answer 9

Causes redness and pain ,heat and swelling at the place of injury or Infection , blood vessels dilate and cause more blood flow to the area , immune cells thus reach the area faste and then move from blood stream into tissue

Question 10

Where do lymphocytes occur ?

Answer 10

Lymph glands , spleen and blood

Question 11

What are the two types of lymphocytes?

Answer 11

B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes

Question 12

What are B lymphocytes?

Answer 12

Receptor proteins of them bind to antigens , recognize them as foreign , they produce thousands more of same kind - release into blood plasma ready to bind to that specific antigen

Question 13

What are he three things the B lymphocytes do after binding to the antigen of the pathogen. ?

Answer 13

• they label
• clump( making inactive)
• burst

Question 14

What are T lymphocytes and their functions

Answer 14

It recognizes and destroys body cells that are infected, since viruses only occur in cells that they infect , antibodies cannot reach them . This lymphocytes with the aid of receptor proteins , recognize and destroy by secreting Chem substances causing cell to burst

Question 15

There is two types of leucocytes ?

Answer 15

Phagocytes and lymphocytes