TB Foam

Question 1

Foam is a fire-extinguishing agent designed for certain unusual type incidents. There are two main categories of foam in use in the Department. They are?

Answer 1

2.1
Low expansion foam and high expansion foam (Hi-Ex). Low expansion foams are extremely useful on fires and spills involving flammable and combustible liquids. They provide extinguishment and vapor control when properly selected and applied. High expansion foams are intended to fight fires of class “A” combustible materials in areas that are inaccessible to firefighters, such as cellars and ship holds.

Question 2

High expansion foam is not suitable for use on what type of fires?

Answer 2

2.1

Outdoor flammable liquids fires.

Question 3

The Department presently uses the following Low Expansion Foams:
They are?

Answer 3

2.3.2

Fluoroprotein, Alcohol Resistant Fluoroprotein (Fluoropolydol) and Aqueous Film Forming Foam (AFFF).

Question 4

What types of foam concentrates are able to be mixed for storage?

Answer 4

2.3.4
Different types of foam concentrates are not compatible and should never be mixed for storage, i.e. in the tanks of Foam Carriers, Tender etc.

Question 5

Two different types of low expansion finished firefighting foam can be applied at some operations.
True or false

Answer 5

2.3.5
True
At an incident it is permissible to apply two different types of low expansion finished firefighting foams simultaneously if necessary due to a lack of sufficient quantities of the most correct type to complete extinguishment i.e. Fluoroprotein and Alcohol (Polydol). Hi-Ex foam is not to be used in conjunction with Low Expansion foam.

Question 6

There are two main families of foam concentrates:

They are?

Answer 6

2.3.6
protein based compounds and synthetic detergent based compounds. Protein based compounds include Protein Foam, Fluoroprotein Foam, and Alcohol Resistant Fluoroprotein Foam. Synthetic foams include AFFF and Hi-Ex Foams.

Question 7

What is the mixture that results when foam concentrate is proportioned at a predetermined rate with water?

Answer 7

2.4

Foam Solution

Question 8

Firefighting Foam is what is applied to the fire or spill and accomplishes the extinguishment. Doing what to foam solution produces finished foam?

Answer 8

2.5

Aerating foam solution produces finished foam.

Question 9

Finished firefighting foams are designed to be lighter than the fuels they are placed on and thus float on the surface of the fuel. This results in four primary methods of extinguishment:
They are?

Answer 9

2. 6
3. Smothering - prevents air from mixing with the flammable vapors being given off by the liquid.
4. Suppressing - stops or reduces the generation and release of flammable vapors.
5. Separates - the flame from the surface of the fuel, which reduces the tendency of the fuel to boil, thus giving off less vapors.
6. Cools - water content of the foam cools the fuel further reducing vapor generation. It also extinguishes burning class A materials in the spill area and cools adjacent metal surfaces such as tank walls.

Question 10

Fluoroprotein foam is effective on reformulated gasoline (RFG), which contains up to __% Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether (MTBE). MTBE is a slightly polar liquid, which is added to gasoline to reduce polluting exhaust emissions and comply with Federal clean air standards.
Fill in the blank

Answer 10

3.1.5.
20%
Fluoroprotein foam is not suitable for polar solvent fuels (alcohols, ketones, etc.), nor is it effective on pure MTBE.

Question 11

Fluoroprotein foam is also effective on gasohol containing up to __% ethanol.

Answer 11

3.1.6

10%

Question 12

What other type of extinguishing agent is fluoroprotein compatible with?

Answer 12

3.1.8

Fluoroprotein foam is compatible with dry chemical extinguishing agents.

Question 13

Fluoroprotein foam concentrates that the department purchases are suitable for use in our Northeast climate, having a pour point of approximately __ degrees Fahrenheit.
Fill in the blank

Answer 13

3.1.9.

10 degrees

Question 14

Can fluoroprotein foam be generated with salt water?

Answer 14

3.1.11

Fluoroprotein foam can be generated with either fresh or salt water.

Question 15

Fluoropolydol is the superior fire extinguishing concentrate for both hydrocarbon fuels (gasoline, fuel oils, etc.) as well as polar solvents (alcohols, ketones, etc.). It is used at __% rate for hydrocarbons and __% rate for polar solvents.
Fill in the blanks

Answer 15

3.2.1
3%
6%

Question 16

Fluoropolydol concentrate has a pour point of __ degrees Fahrenheit that assures proportioning in nearly all weather.
Fill in the blank

Answer 16

3.2.1

5

Question 17

AFFF spreads rapidly over surface, leading to faster knockdown of fire than protein based foams. This permits use of a lower application rate and results in less concentrate used. AFFF is not suitable for use on Reformulated Gasoline, Gasohol or polar solvents. Its use should be restricted to __________ fuels, which do not contain any polar additives. It is excellent for fuel oil, kerosene and jet fuel products.

Answer 17

3.3.1

hydrocarbon

Question 18

FDNY’s use of AFFF is limited to what device?

Answer 18

3.3.2

The 2½ gallon pressurized water extinguisher, which uses a straight bore nozzle.

Question 19

Although the FDNY does not stock or use ARAFFFs, it is very common in the oil industry and could be encountered at any operation involving what type of aid?

Answer 19

3.4.2

mutual aid

Question 20

Foam Concentrate Identification
It is imperative that the correct foam concentrate is used for the correct situation. To insure that the foam concentrates do not get mixed, they are color-coded (banded) around the top, as follows:
• Fluoroprotein
• Alcohol
• Hi-Expansion
• AFFF
What are the color coded bands for each type of foam above?

Answer 20

3.5 
• Fluoroprotein BROWN
• Alcohol GREEN
• Hi-Expansion YELLOW
• AFFF BLACK

Question 21

What will happen when we mix two different types of concentrate together?

Answer 21

3.6.1
Mixing of different concentrates must be avoided at all costs, particularly in storage tanks such as the booster tanks of Foam Carriers or the Foam Tender. The reaction that takes place when two different type concentrates mix, or even two different brands of the same type concentrate mix, can have a very destructive effect on the foam. This could result in a foam blanket that does not work when applied. In extreme cases, the mixing of two different type concentrates has resulted in the foam gelling into a semi solid mass that cannot be removed. In this case the storage/booster tank and everything in it must be placed OOS and disposed of.

Question 22

At times, the Department will intentionally apply two different types of Finished Firefighting Foam at an incident. This is routinely done at aircraft incidents. The Port Authority crash trucks are mandated by the Federal Aviation Administration to use AFFF, due to its fast knockdown capability on jet fuels. After the evacuation has occurred, FDNY units will arrive and may be faced with the task of overhauling the scene. This could involve entering a foam blanket that is floating on jet fuel. Prior to and throughout the entry to this area, what shall be applied to provide maximum security to our members?

Answer 22

3.6.2
A blanket of aerated Fluoroprotein or Alcohol Resistant Fluoroprotein foam should be applied to provide maximum security to our members.

Question 23

Dry chemical must be used to extinguish a three dimensional fire when the burning fuel is dropping down. Apply the dry chemical in combination with the foam stream so that any disruption is immediately recovered. How can this be accomplished without disrupting the foam blanket?

Answer 23

3.6.3
This can be accomplished by discharging the dry chemical into the foam stream. The foam stream will carry the dry chemical to where it is needed.

Question 24

The premixing of Fluoroprotein foam solution can be accomplished by dumping _____ 5-gallon cans of concentrate into a 500-gallon booster tank (____ 5-gallon cans are required for a 750-gallon tank). This would produce a 3% solution.
Fill in the blanks

Answer 24

4.2
three
four
There are some shortcomings to this operation. Therefore, it should be used only when a foam eductor cannot be placed into operation. The pumper that is being used should not be connected to a hydrant. Backpressure in the foam line could force foam solution into the domestic water supply.

Question 25

In-line eductors are the most common way to produce foam solution. Every engine company in the Department has a foam nozzle and eductor that can be used with a 1¾” hoseline. Handline nozzles are usually used in conjunction with an eductor and are very useful at a small operation like an oil burner with the fire outside the pit, gas pump knocked over, car fire with ruptured gas tank, a small spill (approximately ____ sq. ft.) or similar situation.
Fill in the blank

Answer 25

5.1 & 5.2

600 Sq. Feet

Question 26

Self-Educting Nozzles have the eductor built into the nozzle. They are of a larger capacity than our hand held nozzles. They are very useful at facilities with stationary monitors or attached to apparatus with a supply of foam concentrate. The Department uses these nozzles in conjunction with its foam carriers. The foam carrier is a self contained unit capable of supplying foam concentrate or finished firefighting foam when supplied with water. This method of supplying finished firefighting foam is a fast and efficient way of producing an effective knockdown at a medium sized flammable/combustible liquid situation such as a spill over ___ sq. ft., a tanker truck mishap, a loading rack incident or similar situation.
Fill in the blank

Answer 26

5.3

over 600 ft

Question 27

Master stream nozzles are used at the largest type operations such as oil tank farms, large spills over _____square feet, or a large capacity tank truck that has spilled its product. In order to perform this operation the foam delivery system must be activated.
Fill in the blank

Answer 27

5.4

2000

Question 28

Ladder companies have very limited foam capability–one or more water extinguishers to which a foam agent (AFFF) is mixed into a premixed solution. In addition, ladder companies are required to carry ___ 5 gallon cans of Fluoroprotein foam concentrate. This Fluoroprotein foam is to be used by engine companies.

Answer 28

6.1.1

two

Question 29

Each engine company must carry at least _____ 5 gallon cans of Fluoroprotein concentrate.
Fill in the blank

Answer 29

6.1.2
three
Every engine company has also been issued a handline foam eductor (1¾”), which flows between 95 and 120 GPM, and an aerating foam nozzle. This provides the Department with excellent firefighting capabilities immediately available at small-scale incidents. The oil burner with fire out of the fire box, the automobile accident with fuel spill or the car that knocks over a gas pump at a service station are examples that units encounter everyday.

Question 30

A first alarm assignment of three engines and two ladders should provide __ gallons of foam concentrate and up to three foam hand lines for control.
Fill in the blank

Answer 30

6.1.3

65

Question 31

The Department has established 19 Foam Depots throughout the five boroughs. Each depot stocks how many 5-gallon cans of each foam concentrate excluding AFFF?

Answer 31

6.2.1
fifty 5-gallon cans of Fluoroprotein concentrate, fifty 5-gallon cans of Alcohol Resistant Fluoroprotein concentrate and fifty 5-gallon cans of Hi-Ex Foam concentrate.

Question 32

For incidents that exceed the foam capabilities of the first alarm units, the Department has placed 10 Foam Carriers in service. These units are pumpers that have been specially outfitted for foam operations. They carry no water; instead their booster tanks are filled with 1000 gallons of what type of foam concentrate?
(2 answers)

Answer 32

6.3.1

Fluoroprotein concentrate or Alcohol Resistant Fluoroprotein Foam (Fluoropolydol).

Question 33

How many members shall be permitted to ride in the Foam Carrier?

Answer 33

6.3.1

A maximum of two members, including the Chauffeur, shall be permitted to ride in the Foam Carrier.

Question 34

The Foam Carriers are excellent attack units on medium scale flammable and combustible liquid incidents, such as overturned gasoline tank trucks. They must be supplied with a source of water whenever they are used for this purpose. The preferred water supply is by what type of company?

Answer 34

6.3.2
By another Engine Company which has an operating hydrant and which has been assigned this task.The Incident Commander should have a 3½” supply line stretched to the point of operation awaiting the arrival of the Foam Carrier. This supply line should have extra hose that will allow the Foam Carrier apparatus to reposition as progress is made on the fire. When the Foam Carrier is being used for direct fire attack, with water supplied to its pumps, it cannot pump concentrate to other units.

Question 35

The 2,000-gallon per minute pumpers provide the proportioning function through their ____ when concentrate is pumped into it.
Fill in the blank

Answer 35

6.4.1
FIMM
Foam Injection Metering Module (FIMM) – A device that injects foam concentrate under pressure into water creating a foam solution.

Question 36

The units of the Satellite system provide three key components of the Foam
The accompanying Satellite apparatus provides large capacity nozzles; both 500 GPM and 1,000 GPM aerating foam nozzles. The 500 GPM model may be placed directly onto the discharge threads of any 2½ appliance, including a Tower Ladder.
The 1,000-gallon per minute Angus Cannon can be used on the Satellite monitor or can be fitted on a TL waterway by screwing directly to the threads also.
True or False

Answer 36

6.4.1
False
The 1,000-gallon per minute Angus Cannon can be used on the Satellite monitor or can be fitted with a special adapter for attachment to any Tower Ladder waterway. The Satellites carry the adapter and the wrenches necessary to fit the 1000 GPM Angus Foam Cannon to Tower Ladders.

Question 37

The Foam Tender is a specially designed foam tank truck, which transports _____ gallons of concentrate to an incident.
Fill in the blank

Answer 37

6.4.2
3000
It has three separate 1,000-gallon tank compartments aboard, all of which carry Fluoroprotein

Question 38

The following apply to all types of flammable/combustible liquid incidents:
Eliminate all sources of ignition starting with upwind and uphill.
True or False

Answer 38

7.1 G
False
Downwind and downhill
Remember that these vapors are heavier than air and will collect in basements and depressions.

Question 39

If there is sufficient freeboard on the interior of a tank, direct the stream against the side or back of the burning area. The velocity of the stream will be broken and foam will fall gently over the surface. If the top of the container is close to the ground, and there is little or no freeboard inside the tank, the stream should be directed where?

Answer 39

7.2.1 & 7.2.2

At the ground in front of the tank in such a manner as to bounce the foam onto the burning surface.

Question 40

If the tank is filled to the top, bulk oil personnel will have to remove some product via the bottom of the tank. If we are planning to extinguish this fire, insure that the product level is within ___ feet of the top of the tank.
Fill in the blank

Answer 40

7. 2.4

(5) five

Question 41

Apply the foam as gently as possible to the surface of the tank. Try to apply the foam into the “WINDOW”.
This is an area in the plume, which is located on the upwind or downwind side of the tank?

Answer 41

7.2.4
upwind
It is a small area where the flames aren’t as tall. There are less convection currents in this area, which allows more foam to reach the surface of the fuel.

Question 42

If the spill has ignited, stretch a foam hand line and extinguish the fire. The amount of concentrate available on a first alarm assignment is thirteen 5-gallon cans. With one hand line in operation, you will be able to extinguish approximately 600 sq. ft. (20X30) of fire. This supply will last approximately __ minutes.
Fill in the blank

Answer 42

7.3.1
22 minutes
Using 2 hand lines simultaneously, you can increase your area but this will reduce operational time. Both criteria are important in being successful. Anything more than a small spill may require additional alarms as well as the transmission of signal 10-86.

Question 43

If the spill is contained or not flowing;
• Direct a foam stream on the ground ahead of the fire in such a manner as to bounce the foam onto the fire. This will achieve the widest pattern at the lowest velocity.
• Try to deflect the stream against something and allow the foam to slide down and work its way across the burning liquid.
If above methods are not possible, than how should the foam be applied?

Answer 43

7.3.2
• Direct the foam stream skyward in a slow back and forth motion, allowing the foam to fall as gently as possible over the surface. This will cover the spill and reduce the disruption at the blanket.

Question 44

When any member enters a foam blanket a foam handline should be trained against what part of their body?

Answer 44

7.3.6
The back of their knees. This foam will fall down behind them and fill in the disrupted blanket. This will add a level of protection to the advancing member.

Question 45

Tank Truck Accident With A Leak.
If the leak is near the bottom of the tank and the product that is leaking has a specific gravity _____ _____ __ (almost all flammable and combustible liquids do) and there is room at the top of the tank, you may want to add water to the tank.
Fill in blanks

Answer 45

7.4.1 C
less than 1
The water will settle to the bottom of the tank and the product will float on top of the water, resulting in a “water leak.”

Question 46

Tank Truck Roll Over With A Leak

A vehicle that has rolled onto its side must be what before attempting to upright the vehicle?

Answer 46

7.4.2 D

A vehicle that has rolled onto its side must be off loaded. NEVER attempt to upright a loaded vehicle.

Question 47

This scenario leads to a more serious situation with the addition of a fire exposing the tank truck. With the older steel tanks we can have a BLEVE situation. With the newer aluminum tanks the problem of BLEVE has been reduced because the shell will melt at approximately 1220 degrees F. If the tank is made of steel or when an aluminum tank is intact, and the chance of a BLEVE still exists it is extremely important to get a large caliber stream on what area of the tank quickly?

Answer 47

7.4.3 A
The vapor area of the tank quickly. This should be done before, or if enough manpower is on the scene, in conjunction with stretching a foam hand line.

Question 48

Tank Truck Accident With a Rollover and a Fire
Determine a Foam Assembly Point for the foam carrier apparatus or tender to deliver the foam concentrate. The best placement for this is at what location?

Answer 48

7.4.4 C
Intersection where the units can come in from one direction and leave by another. This Foam Assembly Point and direction of access should be relayed to the dispatcher for transmittal over the department radio.

Question 49

Airplane Incidents Requiring Foam
There are two basic fuels used in aircraft; Aviation gasoline, and Jet A. Aviation gasoline is similar to automobile unleaded gasoline but with a higher octane.
Which fuel is more volatile?

Answer 49

7.5
Aviation gasoline is used in many prop planes and is a much more volatile fuel that Jet fuel. Jet A is kerosene-based fuel.

Question 50

A fire involving an airplane at an airport will involve the Port Authority Police with their crash trucks before we arrive. The PAPD has a large quantity of AFFF foam that they are required to use at airplane crashes because of its quick knockdown capability. One of the priorities of the FDNY will to provide what to the PAPD crash trucks?

Answer 50

7.5.1
One of the priorities of the FDNY will be to supply water to the operation. The PAPD’s “larger” Oshkosh crash vehicles have enough foam to resupply themselves five times. The FDNY needs to supply the PAPD’s “larger” crash trucks with water.

Question 51

All of New York City’s Bulk Oil Facilities have a fire protection system in place. What should our first consideration be at these fires?

Answer 51

7.6.1
Our first consideration is to supply this system with what is needed. Some systems need a water supply, some need foam concentrate and some need foam solution. It is imperative that assigned first alarm companies at these facilities have a working knowledge of how to augment these systems.

Question 52

Large quantities of water and foam concentrate are necessary for these operations. These facilities have narrow access roads and may become clogged with apparatus. What 2 options does the foam bulletin say we should consider for water supply?

Answer 52

7.6.4
Five-inch hose should be considered and may have to be hand stretched. Using a fireboat for a water supply is another option. Multiple water sources will provide a continuous supply even if a piece of equipment breaks during the operation.

Question 53

It is important to get at least one ______ ______as close to the tank as possible. If possible, leave access for a Satellite.
Fill in the blanks

Answer 53

7.6.5

Tower Ladder

Question 54

The initial actions taken at these operations can make a tremendous difference in the final outcome. Quick water applied to exposures before they become involved is essential. If fire is exposing the piping in the dikes, cool them before flange fires develop. If another tank is exposed by fire, that tank may need to be cooled. The level of liquid in the tank will have to be determined. A tank that is full will act as a heat sink and will not be as dangerous as a tank that is partially full.
What is more dangerous a full tank or partially full tank?

Answer 54

7.6.7
A tank full of vapors is much more dangerous than a tank full of product. Do not use water indiscriminately at these fires. Use water only when a tank is steaming. When the tank stops steaming shut down the line. Reapply at intervals to keep the exposure cool. The indiscriminate use of water to cool a tank that does not need it will limit the water supply needed to produce foam and may fill the dike with water.

Question 55

Sometimes there are small tanks located in the dike area that are used for additives to the fuel, vapor recovery units etc. Many of these tanks are pressurized. The identifying clue to recognizing a pressurized container is the ________ ends.
Fill in the blank

Answer 55

7.6.8
Rounded
THESE MUST BE COOLED. If any tank is exposed to heat and the pressure relief valve has activated, monitor the release for intensity. Operate hose lines from the side of these tanks. The ends of tanks present a more serious danger if the tank ruptures. If the pressure relief valve increases in noise and/or the flame jet increases in height, withdraw with all but unmanned lines. This indicates a serious BLEVE potential.

Question 56

Foam Carriers, Foam Tenders, Satellite Units, as well as their respective back-up units, and Foam Coordinators will drill as a Task Force.
These drills will take place at what times of the year and include what other type of apparatus?

Answer 56

8.1 A 1 & 4
Semi-Annual Schedule
These drills will take place in the spring and fall of each year.
A tower ladder will be included in the drill.

Question 57

Units with Hi-Ex Foam Capability
1. Drills will take place at MUD or during company drill time.
2. Drills will take place in _____ and _______
3. The Company Commander will schedule drills to train all members in Hi-Ex operations.
4. When new members are assigned to a Hi-Ex unit, the Company Commander will insure that they are trained on Hi-Ex foam operations.
Fill in the blanks

Answer 57

8.1 B

April and October

Question 58

The proper storage and supply of foam concentrate plays an important part in the foam generating system. Proper stacking and rotation of supplies are essential to ensure effective foam concentrate available to attack fires.
Foam concentrate should be stacked no more than how many cans high?

Answer 58

9.1

Foam concentrate should be stacked no more than two cans high.

Question 59

All foam concentrates have a shelf life. Each manufacture has its own recommendation. The foam industry has a general rule that for a protein based foam, which includes our Fluoroprotein and Alcohol Resistant Fluoroprotein, the shelf life is approximately __ years. With synthetic based foam, which includes our AFFF and Hi-Ex foams, the shelf life will increase to approximately __ years.
Fill in the blanks

Answer 59

9.2
10
20

Question 60

When foam concentrate is delivered to a depot, the officer on duty shall inspect the cans to see if a date has been stamped on the container. If there is no date stamped on the can, a date should be affixed with an indelible marker.
Who will insure the proper rotation of foam concentrates so the oldest supplies will be utilized first?

Answer 60

9.3 & 9.4
The Company Commander of units that are assigned foam depots will insure the proper rotation of foam concentrates so the oldest supplies will be utilized first.

Question 61

When a can of protein based foam reaches 10 years, or an AFFF or Hi-Ex foam can reaches 20 years, what should be done with the foam

Answer 61

9.5

The foam should be used for drill purposes.

Question 62

The movement of large quantities of foam concentrate is a major logistical undertaking. The Bulk Foam Delivery System is intended to simplify and speed up this operation during fire operations. It is very important to ensure this system is prepared for the task at all times. Therefore, immediate steps must be taken to restore the system to full operating capacity whenever any portion of the system has been used.
The Foam Tender and Foam Carrier shall be refilled to their maximum levels with the proper type of concentrate, taking appropriate precautions, immediately upon completion members Must notify their officer.
True or False

Answer 62

10.2
False
The Foam Tender and Foam Carrier shall be refilled to their maximum levels with the proper type of concentrate, taking appropriate precautions, including the officers’ direct supervision to ensure that only the proper type of concentrate is placed into any tank. The mixing of different types of concentrates must be prevented!

Question 63

Field units requiring additional cans of Fluoroprotein, Alcohol Resistant Fluoroprotein and Hi-Ex Foam shall obtain them from the nearest foam depot. where do we get AFFF concentrate if needed?

Answer 63

10.8

If AFFF foam concentrate is needed, units shall requisition it from the Technical Services Division.

Question 64

Foam concentrate can have a severe debilitating effect on the equipment that is used to generate it. Foam eductors, pickup tubes, FIMMs, generators, hose, pumps, etc. are to be washed out and cleaned after every use. Anything that comes in contact with foam requires flushing. When cleaning eductors, water should be educted through it for at least how many minutes?

Answer 64

11.1

15 minutes

Question 65

All eductors of engine companies will be tested at what frequency?

Answer 65

11.3 A
The following maintenance schedule will be followed: All eductors of engine companies will be tested at weekly MUD using the following procedure:
• Stretch a hose line
• Insert the eductor in the supply line
• Start water to the foam nozzle
• ECC to supply 200 PSI to the eductor
• Place your hand over the bottom of the foam pickup tube. You should feel suction. If you do not get suction check the following;
1. The washers between the pickup tube and the eductor.
2. That the eductor-proportioning valve is not set at zero.
3. That the ball in the eductor is not stuck.

Question 66

Hi-Ex Foam is primarily used to control what types of fires?

Answer 66

12.1
Hi-Ex Foam is primarily used to control fires that are inaccessible or difficult to approach due to excessive heat. It is particularly suited for use on indoor Class A fires in confined spaces.

Question 67

Only Fresh water can be used to develop Hi-Ex Foam.

True or False

Answer 67

12.7 A
False
Fresh or salt water can be used to develop Hi-Ex foam.

Question 68

Only the eductor supplied with the Hi-Ex generator should be used. How can we identify that we are using the correct eductor?

Answer 68

12.7 D 1.

This eductor should have a 1” yellow band painted around the throat.

Question 69

Although a relatively small flow of water is required in Hi-Ex foam operations (60 GPM), high pump pressure is necessary to overcome the pressure loss at the eductor. Maintain between ___ PSI and ___ PSI at inlet of foam eductor in order to deliver sufficient water under proper pressure to the foam generator.
Fill in the Blanks

Answer 69

12.8

200 PSI and 220 PSI

Question 70

Eductor Placement - choice is dependent on the conditions encountered in the field. It may be placed one length from the pumper or at the generator. What is the recommended placement of the eductor at Hi-Ex Foam Op’s?

Answer 70

12.9
Placement one length from the pumper is the recommended position for most fire situations. This location affords better control of:
• Water flow rates
• Metering valve settings
• Foam supply (reduces distance foam concentrate must be transported).

Question 71

Foam Chute Applicator:
A. A plastic sleeve used to deliver Hi-Ex foam from the generator to the fire.
B. The chute used should be ___ ____ larger in diameter than the mouth of the generator. It fits over the generator screen and is secured by means of a metal band or rope.
C. Eliminate kinks or bends in the chute as much as possible.
Fill in the blanks

Answer 71

12.13

one foot

Question 72

Where does the delivery chute have to be placed in relation to the generator?

Answer 72

12.13 D
Level or below the generator
The chute cannot be placed as to necessitate the delivery of foam to a level higher than that of the generator. The generator cannot overcome the backpressure of the foam. Foam will flow back down the chute and out through the generator ceasing foam generation.
E. The generator should be used with the delivery chute.

Question 73

What needs to be done for the members operating in and around the fire area before starting Hi-Ex Foam Operations?

Answer 73

12.14 A
Before Hi-Ex foam operations are started, all members operating in and around the fire area are to be warned. Heat generated by the fire and steam resulting from the introduction of foam will be forced to upper and adjoining sections of the fire area. A warning is also required to prevent operating forces from becoming enveloped in foam.

Question 74

What type(s) of ventilation play a important role in the extiguishing capabilities of Hi-Ex Foam?

Answer 74

12.14 B
Vertical and horizontal ventilation play a very important part in the extinguishing capability of Hi-Ex foam. Horizontal ventilation, opposite the point of entry of the finished firefighting foam, would allow the release of built up pressure as a result of the steam developed by the foam coming in contact with the fire. Vertical ventilation above the fire would allow the release of heat at the ceiling level. It would also be a point from which the progress of the finished firefighting foam could be monitored. Vertical ventilation should not be attempted if it places members in a dangerous position.

Question 75

The generator should be positioned in an area relatively clear of smoke, heat and foam. Proper foam expansion is dependent on an adequate supply of fresh air. Smoke, heat or foam drawn into the generator will adversely affect the foam expansion, increases drainage rate and makes the foam blanket toxic. What can be used to keep the area around the generator clear of any contaminants that may be drawn into the generator?

Answer 75

12.14 C & D
It may be necessary to stretch a hand line with a fog nozzle to keep the area around the generator clear of any contaminants that may be drawn into the generator.

Question 76

When using the generator to fill an area on the same level as the generator, it is necessary to do what around the foam discharge?

Answer 76

12.14 E
When using the generator to fill an area on the same level as the generator, it is necessary to seal the area around the foam discharge. The sealing of this area is essential in keeping the foam contained. To seal off the area around the chute discharge use materials such as wood, rugs, cardboard, salvage plastic, drapes and tarpaulins, etc. If the foam continues to back out of the area, it is an indication that the foam is being prevented from gaining access into the fire area. This would suggest that an alternate point of operation should be selected for foam entry.

Question 77

By turning the Hi-Ex Foam generator around it can be used for what type of operation?

Answer 77

12.14 G

Generator can also be used as a smoke ejector. Turning the generator around will accomplish this.

Question 78

Personnel must be equipped with full fire fighting clothing, SCBA, search rope, hose line and necessary tools for checking path in front of team.
Entering a Hi-Ex foam mass without a SCBA shall not be attempted. Under fire conditions, foam may become contaminated with products of combustion and toxic materials. Inhalation or ingestion of these products could create immediate breathing problems, coupled with disorientation due to noise suppression created by the Hi-Ex foam.
If a SCBA should experience problems, the member should leave the area accompanied by another member of the team and notify their Officer.
What should always be made ready to provide assistance or relief?

Answer 78

12.15

A backup team should always be made ready for possible assistance or relief.

Question 79

Members are to avoid becoming completely immersed in foam. If submerged in foam, member’s hearing and vision will be impaired and the possibility of becoming disoriented greatly increases. The use of handi-talkies will be difficult because of possible contamination of the microphone caused by the foam, which will also garble messages. The microphone can be protected inside the turnout coat. When used to transmit, what technique should be used?

Answer 79

12.15 E
When used to transmit, it shall be placed directly on the voicemitter while the other hand uses a waving motion to clear the area around it.

Question 80

The following is a method for determining the size of the generator(s) to be used for a particular size fire area: The generator output is computed in CFM (cubic feet per minute). The NFPA in its suggested table of application rates for foam applications to materials consisting of cartons, bags, fiber drums and rubber tires, stored in buildings of unprotected steel construction (bar joist, etc.) allows __ minutes submergence time for Hi-Ex foam to totally fill an area. Using __ minutes and taking into consideration the type of stock and length, width, and height of ceilings, a fire officer might use the following rule of thumb for determining the size generator(s) required. Divide the volume (cubic content) of the area by __ minutes.
Fill in the Blanks

Answer 80

12.17 C
%
5,5,5
For example, a building with a dimensions of 50’ x 100’ with 10’ ceiling or 50,000 cubic feet, would require a 10,000 CFM generator or a combination of generators adding up to a minimum output of 10,000 cubic feet (CFM).