TB and CF Flashcards
What cells are seen with acute inflammation?
Neutrophils
What cells are seen with chronic inflammation?
Monocytes and Macrophages
What is the inheritance pattern of CF?
Autosomal Recessive
What is the mutation responsible for CF?
Deletion of Phenylalanine 508 on Chromosome 7 –> deficient CF Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR)
What organs are affected by CF?
- Lungs
- Pancreas
- SI (exocrine glands)
15% of CF patients experience moconium ileus- what is this condition?
Intestinal Blockage
What percent of CF patients are pancreatic insufficient?
85%
What disease is characterized by salty tasting skin, chronic cough w/ sputum, wheezing, moconium ileus, pan sinusitis, nasal polyposis, liver disease, staph pneumo infections and delayed puberty?
CF
What is the X-Ray finding of CF?
Interstitial infiltration of Neutrophils and Pulmonary Edema
Due to the immunodeficiency seen with CF, what bacterial infections are common? Which is common into adulthood?
B. cepacia, H. flu, S. aureus
Adulthood- Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Describe the characteristics of Pseudomonas
- Gram Negative
- Aerobic/Anaerobic
- Rod
- Motile
- Grape odor
- Simple growth requirement
What is the main component in the biofilm of Pseudomonas?
Alginate (exopolysaccharide)
Alginate producing Pseudomonas have what phenotype of biofilm?
Mucoid, unstable
***Requires a lot of ATP
What are the advantages of a biofilm?
- Abx resistance
2. Enable chronic infections
Why does CF result in a chronic Neutrophil infiltration?
Because there is a non-constant supply of antigens due to the biofilm
Why do CF patients not die from septicemia?
Because the infections are confined to the bronchi and bronchioles and there is not invasion of the blood stream
What is the cause of the lung tissue damage in CF?
IC-mediated inflammation (Type III hypersensitivity) in response to chronic infections
What abx are used as suppressive therapy for CF?
Tobramycin and Azithromycin
What combination therapy may be used for resistant Pseudomonas?
- Anti-Pseudomonas Penicillin
- Ticarcillin
- Piperacillin
- Gentamicin/Amikacin
What are risk factors for TB?
- Poverty
- HIV
- Drug Resistance
Describe the pathogenesis of TB
Inhalation of bacteria –> enters lungs –> invades macrophages –> multiplies in macrophages –> lesions begin to form –>
Option 1 –> lesions calcify –> latent infection –> possible reactivation
Option 2 –> lesion liquifies –> spread to other organs –> Infectious Stage –> Death
After 6 weeks of a TB infection granulomas begin to form- describe the features of a granuloma (caseous granuloma)
Epitheloid macrophages and Langhan Cells (fused macrophages) containing the bacteria, surrounded by lymphocytes (CD4 T) and an outer layer of fibroblasts
What bacteria is a slow-growing obligate aerobic rod that is resistant to drying chemicals due to its waxy-like cell wall ?
TB
What accounts for the slow growth of TB?
The very long hydrocarbons needed for formation of its waxy cell wall take time to synthesize
