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D&T3 Pulm > Head and Neck Neoplasms > Flashcards

Head and Neck Neoplasms Flashcards

1
Q

What disorders are classified as benign oral lesions? (7)

A
  1. Aphthous Ulcers
  2. Fibroma
  3. Pyogenic Granuloma
  4. HSV Infection
  5. Oral Candidiasis (Thrush)
  6. Hairy Leukoplakia
  7. Deep Fungal Infections
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2
Q

What is characterized by recurrent, painful hyperemic ulcerations that are covered by a thin exudate?

A

Aphthous UIcers

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3
Q

Aphthous ulcers are most commonly seen in which patients? Describe the prognosis

A

Immunocompromised; resolve in 7-10 days

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4
Q

What is characterized as a submucosal nodule of reactive proliferation due to repeated trauma?

A

Fibroma

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5
Q

What is the treatment for a fibroma?

A

Surgery

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6
Q

What two disorders make up the benign fibrous proliferative lesions?

A

Fibroma and Pyogenic Granuloma

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7
Q

What is characterized by rapid vascular proliferation of granulation tissue?

A

Pyogenic Granuloma

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8
Q

What is another term for a pyogenic granuloma?

A

Pregnancy Tumor

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9
Q

What is the oral consequence of a HSV-1 infection?

A

Painful hepatic gingivostomatitis

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10
Q

Viral reactivation of HSV-1 occurs where?

A

In neighboring areas of the initial infection

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11
Q

What is characterized by white plaques that can be scraped off?

A

Oral Candidiasis

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12
Q

What is another term for oral candidiasis?

A

Thrush

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13
Q

How does oral candidiasis result in a clinical infection?

A

The use of ABX wipe out the normal oral flora, allowing candida to grow

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14
Q

What are the three types of clinical presentations of oral candidiasis?

A
  1. Pseudomembranous (Thrush)
  2. Hyperplastic
  3. Erythematous
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15
Q

What is characterized by lesions on the side of the tongue that cannot be scraped off?

A

Hairy Leukoplakia

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16
Q

What is the cause of Hairy Leukoplakia? What patients are most likely infected?

A

EBV; immunocompromised

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17
Q

What are the agents which cause deep fungal infections of the oral cavity? (6)

A
  1. Histoplasmosis
  2. Blastomycosis
  3. Coccidiomycosis
  4. Cryptococcosis
  5. Zygomycosis
  6. Aspergillosis
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18
Q

What are the precancerous oral lesions? (2)

A
  1. Leukoplakia

2. Erythroplakia

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19
Q

What is characterized as a white patch that cannot be scraped off but cannot be further characterized based on clinical of pathological features?

A

Leukoplakia

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20
Q

What percent of leukoplakias are pre-malignant?

A

5-25%

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21
Q

What is the histological appearance of Leukoplakia?

A

Squamous epithelium with full thickness dysplasia

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22
Q

What is characterized by red, velvety lesions (may be eroded) with a high risk of malignant transformation?

A

Erythroplakia

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23
Q

What is the most common cancerous lesion of the oral cavity?

A

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

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24
Q

What is the common cause of SCC?

A

Smoking or Alcohol use

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25
Which virus may cause SCC?
HPV
26
Describe the stages of SCC formation
Normal --> Hyperplasia/Hyperkeratosis --> Mild Dysplasia --> Severe Dysplasia (CIS) --> SCC
27
What is characterized by a focal mucosal protrusion in the nose?
Nasal Polyp
28
What is the cause of a nasal polyp?
1. Recurrent Rhinitis (infectious, allergic)
29
What are two types of inflammation of the nasopharynx?
1. Pharyngitis | 2. Tonsillitis
30
What is characterized as a benign tumor of respiratory (scheiderian mucosa) that is associated with HPV 6 and 11?
Sinonasal Papilloma
31
What form of Sinonasal Papilloma frequently affects 30-50yr old males and has a risk for malignancy and recurrence?
Endophytic
32
What is characterized by nasal obstruction and epistaxis and is associated with EBV infections and long incubation periods?
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
33
What are the three patterns of nasopharyngeal carcinoma?
1. Keratinizing Squamous Cell Carcinoma 2. non-Keratinizing Squamous Cell Carcinoma 3. Undifferentiated/basaloid carcinoma
34
Where do most Nasopharyngeal Carcinomas metastasize?
Cervical Lymph Nodes
35
What is the treatment for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma?
Radiotherapy
36
Describe the histology of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Cluster of epithelium surrounded by lymphocytes; stain with EBER-1 to reveal metastasis
37
What are the types of inflammation of the larynx?
1. Laryngitis | 2. Croup
38
What are reactive nodules/polyps?
Nodules that appear on the vocal cords after heavy use of smoking
39
What is characterized as a lesion greater than 1cm on the true vocal cords?
Squamous Papilloma
40
What type of cancer is seen in the larynx of male smokers/alcohol users?
SSC
41
What is the treatment for SCC of the larynx?
Chemoradiation
42
What condition is characterized by bilateral bone deposition in the middle ear that results in hearing loss?
Osteosclerosis
43
What is the most common tumor of the ears?
SCC
44
What is a branchial cyst?
Remnant of the 2nd branchial arch typically seen between ages 20-40 that involves a 2-5cm mass of squamoid and lymphoid tissue
45
A thyroglossal duct cyst results in enlargement where?
Foramen Cecum
46
What condition is characterized as a cluster of neuroendocrine cells?
Paraganglioma
47
What is seen with a Paravertebral Paraganglioma?
Catecholamine release
48
A paraganglioma where will result in secretion of parasympathetic hormones?
Great vessels of the head and neck
49
Is a carotid body tumor painful?
No
50
What is Xerostomia?
Dry Mouth
51
What is a tumor of the salivary glands that is associated with trauma, infection or autoimmunity?
Mucocele
52
What is a benign tumor of the salivary glands that is associated with chromosomal rearrangements of PLAG1?
Pleomorphic Adenoma
53
Is a Pleomorphic Adenoma painful?
No
54
Is a Pleomorphic Adenoma benign?
Yes
55
What is a parotid gland tumor seen in male smokers between 60-70 that has pink cells lined by lymphocytes?
Warthin Tumor
56
What is another name for a Warthin Tumor?
Papillary Cystadenoma Lymphomatosum
57
What is the most common malignant tumor of the salivary glands?
Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma
58
What cancer is associated with t(11;19)(q21;p13)?
Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma
59
What cancer presents in minor salivary glands 50% of the time?
Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma
60
Describe the histology of Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma
Cribiform pattern (cookie cutter)
61
Which cancer has a predilection for perineural invasion and favors distant metastasis?
Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma
62
Is an Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma painful?
Yes

D&T3 Pulm (5 decks)

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