TB Flashcards
1
Q
How many incident cases of TB occurred globally in 2013?
A
9 million; 1 million TB-HIV coinfections
2
Q
Microbacterial agent of TB?
Transmission?
what % is pulmonary?
A
myobacterium tuberculosis
aerosolized particles (coughing)
85%
3
Q
Pathogenesis
A
- TB aerosolized
- inhaled into alveoli
- WBC enter alveoli (pus)
- granuloma formation in lung
4
Q
TB Pathogenesis II
A
Granuloma:
5% get Primary Disease (more if HIV+)
95% have latent TB infection
- -> 5% reactivation (pulmonary and extrapulmonary); new infections
- -> 90% no disease
5
Q
TB risk factors
A
- HIV
- chronic kidney disease (dialysis)
- transplant-related immunosuppression
- underweight
- silicosis
- diabetes
- smoking
- glucocorticoids
- TNF-alpha inhibitors
- Many upstream risk factors!
6
Q
TB Diagnosis
Latent
A
Latent TBI
- TB skin test
- interferon gamma release assay
- shouldn’t be used for active TB infection diagnosis (except for in children)
- shouldn’t be used for low-risk ppl (unless to be used as a baseline)
7
Q
TB Diagnosis
Active (4 components)
A
- Chest X-ray
- Sputum (acid-fast smear)
- mycobacterial culture and drug susceptibility
- Nucleic acid amplification tests
8
Q
TB Treatment
A
2 phases:
Initial phase (2 months) - 4 meds daily (or 5days/week)
Continuation phase (4-7 months) - only 2 of meds daily or 5 days/week
9
Q
Infection control
A
airborne precautions (n95 respirator) ventilation (isolated room) negative pressure HEPA filter short wave ultraviolet germicidal irradiation
