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FINALS RESP > TB > Flashcards

TB Flashcards

1
Q

most common virus cold

A

rhinovirus

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2
Q

what is acute bronchitis

A

chest infection of trachea and major bronchi

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3
Q

symptoms acute bronchitis

A

cough +/- sputum // ocurs in winter // sore throat, rhinorrhea // wheeze // low fever

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4
Q

difference bronchitis vs pneumonia

A

pneumonia has focal lung signs + more severe symptoms

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5
Q

invx acute bronchitis

A

usually clinical +/- CRP

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6
Q

when is abx considered in acute bronchitis

A

v unwell // pre-existing comorbidity // CRP 20-100

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7
Q

abx for acute bronchitis

A

1 = doxycline 2 = amoxicillin

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8
Q

when is invasive aspergillosis seen

A

immunocompromised patients eg HIV, leukaemia, broad spec abx

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9
Q

what type of reaction is TB

A

type IV –> non-caseating granuloma

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10
Q

RF TB

A

prevelant area // exposure // HIV // immunocompromised eg diabetes, meds, malnourised, leukamia, lymphoma // silicosis // apical fibrosis

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11
Q

organism TB

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

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12
Q

what is the ghon complex TB

A

primary infection –> macrophages –> apical lung lesion + lymph nodes

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13
Q

what normally happens to the inital lesion in primary TB

A

heals by fibrosis

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14
Q

what happens to the initial lesion in primary TB in immunocompromised

A

disseminated TB –> miliary

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15
Q

what is secondary TB

A

reactivated

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16
Q

RF secondary TB

A

immunsuppresed eg steroids // HIV // malnutrution

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17
Q

sites of secondary TB

A

lungs // CNS // vertebral (Potts) // renal // GI

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18
Q

what is latent TB

A

you have been infected but have no symptoms

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19
Q

what is mantoux test

A

screening for TB

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20
Q

how is mantoux test performed

A

inject 0.1ml of purified protein derivative (tuberculin) intradermally // result 2-3 days later

21
Q

result + mx of mantoux test <6mm

A

negative (no hypersensitivity) // give BCG

22
Q

result + mx of mantoux test 6mm-15mm

A

hypersensitive, may have had previous infection // do not give BCG

23
Q

result + mx of mantoux test >15mm

A

strongly positive - active TB infection

24
Q

what can cause false negative mantoux

A

miliary TB // sarcoid // HIV // lymphoma // <6 months

25
Q

imaging TB

A

CXR = upper love cavitation + bilateral hilar lymph

26
Q

diagnosis TB

A

3 sputum smears –> acid fast bacili // sputum culture = gold standard // NAAT (fast diagnosis)

27
Q

disadvantage sputum smear TB

A

not that sensitive // useless in HIV

28
Q

disadvantage sputum culture TB

A

gold standard but takes 1-3 weeks

29
Q

mx active TB

A

2 months RIPE –> 4 months RI

30
Q

mx latent TB

A

3 months isoniazide (+ pyridoxine) + rifampicin // OR 6 months isoniazid (with pyridoxine)

31
Q

mx meningeal TB

A

12 months + steroids

32
Q

when is direct observated therapy for TB indicated

A

homeless // poor compliance // prisoners

33
Q

what is immune reconstruction disease TB

A

enlarged lymph nodes 3-6 weeks after starting mx

34
Q

SE rifampicin

A

P450 inducer // hepatits + orange secretions (+flu)

35
Q

SE isoniazid

A

p450 inhibitor // peripheral neuropathy (give pyridoxine) // hepatitis

36
Q

SE pyrazinamide

A

hyperuricaemia –> gout // arthalgia, myalgia // hepatitis

37
Q

SE ethambutanol

A

optic neuritis

38
Q

what is an aspergilloma

A

a mycetome (fungal mass) secondary to lung cavity eg TB, CF, cancer

39
Q

symptoms aspergilloma

A

cough + haemoptysis

40
Q

invx aspergilloma

A

CXR = round opacity + crescent sign // high aspergillis precipitins

41
Q

who is eligible for BCG vaccine

A

0-12 months with high incidence TB, or parents and grandparents from high incidence countries // unvaccinated contacts of TB // healthcare, prison, homeless staff //

42
Q

what type of vaccine is BCG

A

live attenuated (some protection against leprosy)

43
Q

what needs to be done prior to BCG test

A

tuberculin (mantoux) skin test

44
Q

contraindications BCG

A

previous vaccine // history TB // HIV // pregnant // positive tuberculin test // >35 years

45
Q

what type of vaccine is influenza

A

live

46
Q

age children get flu vaccine

A

intranasaly at 2-3 years // yearly

47
Q

contraindications flu vaccine

A

immunocompromised // <2 years // febrile // wheeze or corzyal symptoms // egg allergy // taking aspirin

48
Q

who gets flu vaccine

A

65+ // resp problems // CVD // CKD // liver disease // stroke or TIA // immunoC // splenic problems // pregnant // BMI >40

FINALS RESP (12 decks)

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