Taxonomy, Systematics, and Classification Flashcards
What is taxonomy?
Grouping individuals into species, arranging species into larger groups, and giving groups names producing a classification system
What is nomenclature
Assigning scientific names
What is taxon?
Refers to a single unit or group and can be at any taxonomic ranking
What are systematics
The practice of interpreting biological diversity and the evolutionary relationship between organisms
What characteristics are used for taxonomy?
Reproductive ones
Morphological characters
Molecular genomic approaches
What are the three types of classifications?
- Artificial systems
- Natural systems
- Phylogenic systems
What are artificial systems?
Arrange organisms by convenience so we can quickly recognize them. Based on life form and morphology
What are natural systems?
Arrange organisms by the situation that exists in nature via sharing similar traits
What are phylogenetic systems
Classify organism according to evolutionary history
How are phylogenetic trees organized?
Having shared characteristics and splitting off into branches as they evolve new characteristics
What are clades?
Groups of organisms that share a common ancestor
What is the highest taxonomic level?
Domains, then kingdoms
What are the 3 domains?
1, Bacteria
- Archaea
- Eukarya
What are the 5 kingdoms?
- Monera - bacteria, unicellular, no nuclei or other organelles
- Protista - Usually unicellular but many multicellular
- Fungi - have cell walls made of chitin
- Animalia - no cell walls, no chloroplasts
- Plantae - well developed vacuoles, cell walls with cellulose
What are the levels below the kingdom class?
Phylum (coniferophyta, anthophyta) and class
