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Microbiology > Taxonomy of eukaryotes > Flashcards

Taxonomy of eukaryotes Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the sequencing of gene used in phylogeny of eukarya?

A

18S rRNA

But Phylogeny constructed to also take in account other genes–> new insights because of this

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2
Q

What are cysts?

A

Similar to endospores produced by prokaryotes. Used to protect the cell against deleterious environmental conditions (to survive long periods of starvation/desication and also infection of prokaryotes)

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3
Q

What are 2 orgnelles found in amitochondriate eukaryotes, and what are they involved in?

A

Mitosomes –> involved in maturation of iron sulfur closters

Hydrogenosomes–> Participate in oxidation of pyruvate to H2, CO2 and acetate.

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4
Q

What is a Hydrogenosome?

A

Present in amitochondriates. Present in eukaryotes with STRICTLY FERMENTATIVE METABOLISM. Sometimes endosymbiotic bacteria are present (…)

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5
Q

What is a Mitosome?

A

Present in amitochondriates. Derived from mitochondrion. HAS NO ENZYMES FOR TCA CYCLE/ NO RESP. CHAIN.

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6
Q

What are common characteristics of Diplomads and Parabasalids?

A
  • Unicellular
  • Flagellated
  • No chloroplasts
  • Live in ANOXIC habitats
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7
Q

Name 2 characteristics of diplomads

A
  • Unicellular
  • Flagellated
  • No chloroplasts
  • Live in ANOXIC habitats
  • 2 NUCLEI
  • MITOSOMES
  • Key genera: GIARDA (causes giardasis)
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8
Q

Name 3 characteristics of parabasalids

A
  • Have parabasal bodies (structure to support golgi complex)
  • AMITOCHONDRIATE
  • HYDROGENOSOMES for ANAEROBIC metabolism
  • Live in intestinal or urogenital tracts of animas as parasites or symbionts
  • Key genera: Trichomonas vaginalis (STD in humans, doesn’t form cysts , doesn’t survive outside the host)
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9
Q

2 common characteristics of euglenozoans?

A

UNICELLULAR and FLAGELLATED

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10
Q

What are the subgroups of euglenozoans?

A

Kinetoplastids and Euglenids

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11
Q

Characteristics of kinetoplasts?

A
  • Mass of DNA present in their SINGLE, LARGE MITOCHONDRION
  • Live in AQUATIC environment.
  • Feeding on bacteria
  • Some species cause serious disease in humans
  • TRYPANOSOMA BRUCEI : african sleeping sickness= chronic, fatal infection.
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12
Q

Characteristics of Euglenids?

A
  • EUGLENA = specie
  • NON PATHOGENIC
  • PHOTOTROPHIC
  • CONTAINS CHLOROPLASTS
  • can exist as HETEROTROPH (will loose chloroplast if incubate in dark for long time)
  • feed on bacteria by PHAGOCYTOSIS
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13
Q

Common characteristics of alveolates?

A
  • Presence of ALVEOLI ( sac underneath cytoplasmic membrane)

- Alveoli may fct to help cells maintain osmotic balance

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14
Q

Subgroups of alveolate family?

A

Ciliates
Dynoflagellates
Apicomplexans

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15
Q

Characteristics of ciliates?

A
  • Have cilia (for food and motility)
  • Most wildey dstributed genera: PARAMELIUM
  • Have 2 NUCLEI (macro and micro)
  • During SEXUAL REPROD: exchange of MICRONUCLEI
  • Some ciliates= animal parasites or symbionts (in rumens)
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16
Q

Characteristics of dynoflagellates?

A
  • Marine, freshwater
  • PHOTOTROPHIC
  • Have 2 FLAGELLAS (transversal or longitudinal)
  • May be TOXIC ( produce neurotoxins, warm and polluted water= dyno. can reach high amount, can cause human poisening = paralitic shellfish poisening)
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17
Q

Characteristics of apicomplexans?

A
  • OBLIGATE PARASITES of animals
  • COMPLEX LIFECYCLE : Sporozoïte, Gametocyte, other…
  • Has APICOPLASTS ( degenerate chloroplasts that lack pigment and phototrophic capacity)
  • Cause severe diseases: M
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18
Q

Common characteristics of strametopiles?

A
  • All FLAGELLATES

- Are chemoheteroptrophs or phototrophes

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19
Q

Subgroups of Stramenopiles?

A

Oomycetes
Golden Algea
Diatoms

20
Q

Characteristics of Oomycetes?

A
  • CHEMOHETEROTROPHS
  • Water molds
  • Cell wall made of CELLULOSE
  • PHYTOPHTORA INFESTANS = late bright disease in potatoes–> irish potato famine
21
Q

Characteristics of Diatoms?

A
  • UNICELLULAR
  • PHOTOTROPHIC
  • Freshwater or marine
  • FRUSTULES: cell walls made of silica with prots and polysaccharides–> protects against predation
22
Q

Characteristics of Golden Algae?

A
  • PHOTOTROPHIC
  • Also called chrysophytes
  • Mostly UNICELLULAR , some COLONIAL
  • CHLOROPLAST pigment dominated by CAROTENOID FUCOXANTHIN
23
Q

Common characteristic of Cercozoans and Radiolans?

A

Threadlike pseudopodia

24
Q

Exemple of Cercozoan?

A

Foraminifera

25
Q

Characteristics of Cercozoan?

A
  • Marine
  • Shell like structure
  • TESTS MADE OF ORGANIC MATERIAL
26
Q

Characteristics of Radiolans?

A

Mostly marine

  • HETEROPTROPHS
  • TESTS MADE OF SILICA
  • Radial symmetry of tests
27
Q

Giardia lambia is…?

A
  • A diplomad

- Has 2 nuclei and mitosomes

28
Q

Trichomonas vaginalis is…?

A
  • A parabasalid

- parabasal body, hydrogenosome

29
Q

Trypanosoma brucei is …?

A

Kinetoplastid

30
Q

Euglena is…?

A

Euglenid

31
Q

Paramecium is…?

A

Ciliate–> alveolate

32
Q

Plasmodium is….?

A

Apicomplexan

33
Q

Entamoeba hystolitica is…?

A

entamoeba…

34
Q

Physarum is…?

A

Plasmodial slime mold

35
Q

Dictyostelium discoideum is…?

A

Cellular slime mold

36
Q

Exemple of diplomad?

A

Giardia lambia

37
Q

Exemple of kinetoplastid?

A

Trypanosoma brucei

38
Q

Exemple of parabasalid?

A

Trichomonas vaginalis

39
Q

Exemple of ciliate

A

Paramecium

40
Q

Exemple of Apicomplexan?

A

Plasmodium

41
Q

Exemple of plasmodial slime mold?

A

Physarum

42
Q

Exemple of Cellular slime mold?

A

Dictyostelium discoideum

43
Q

What protists are algae?

A

dynoflagellates, Euglenids, Diatoms, brown and golden algae.

44
Q

Red algae characteristics…

A
  • Aslo called rhodophytes
  • Multicellular mostly
  • PHYCOERYTHRIN as pigment (grether dept= more pigment)
  • ## Some are unicellular= Galdieria (acidic hot spring)
45
Q

Green Algae

A
  • Also called Chlorophytes
  • Mostly freshwater
  • Usually flagellated
  • Uni or multicellular
  • Sexual or asexual
  • Endolithic algae grow inside porous rocks

Microbiology (11 decks)

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