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Microbiology > Taxonomy of bacteria > Flashcards

Taxonomy of bacteria Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What system was found by Carl Linneaus to name microorganisms ?

A

Binomial system:

  • generic name ( genus)
  • Specific name (species)
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2
Q

What is a species?

A

A species is a group of organisms that can interbreed.

Plants, animals, organsims that are capable of reproduction

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3
Q

Most microorganisms reproduce …

A

asexually

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4
Q

Classification goes in 2 branches

A 
Overall similarity (Phenetic) 
Evolutionary relationships (Phylogenetic)
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5
Q

What is a mutation?

A

is a change in the genome of an organism (nucleotide change, insertion, dele/on).

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6
Q

What is gene loss and horizontal gene transfer ?

A

acquisition of a whole new gene from another organism

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7
Q

What can be the effect of gene change?

A
  • Silent (no effect)
  • deleterious
  • beneficial
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8
Q

What did Carl Woese do/discover?

A
  • Sequencing of the small subunit rRNA (SSU rRNA ), 16 rRNA in prokaryotes and 18 rRNA in eukaryotes
  • Established 3 domains of life: bacteria, eukarya, archea
  • Provided a unified phylogenic framework
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9
Q

What is rRNA sequencing used for?

A

it is used to infer the phylogeny of prokaryotes and other microorganisms

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10
Q

What are the steps in sequencing rRNA ?

A
  • isolate DNA
  • amplify 16S gene
  • Sequence
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11
Q

Eukaryotes are phylogenically closer too bacteria or archea?

A

Archea

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12
Q

What is endosymbiosis ?

A

hypothesis of origin of eukarya.

- Mito and chloroplast arose from symbiosis association between prokaryotes within another type of cell.

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13
Q

The transcription and translation machinery of eukaryotes is more similar to…

A

archea

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14
Q

The lipid and energy mechanism of bacteria is more similar to eukaryotes or archea?

A

eukaryotes

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15
Q

Give and exemple of predatory bacteria

A

Bdellovibrio

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16
Q

What is taxonomy? (3 things…)

A
  • Nomenclature
  • Classification
  • Identification
17
Q

What do predatory bacteria do?

A
  • infect other bacterial cells
  • acquire nutrients from the host
  • does not grow on agar plate
  • Gram positive bacteria are note infected
18
Q

How do you compare rRNA?

A
  1. sEquencing the gene

2. Align the genes

19
Q

what are the 2 endosymbiotic hypothesis?

A
  1. Nucleus first, then endosymbiosis

2. Endosymbiosis first, then nucleus

20
Q

what does MLST stands for? and explain..

A

Multilocus sequencing typing

  • Many genes,
  • Comparison between sequencing of housekeeping genes
21
Q

What are the 2 phylogenic analysis of archea?

A
  1. 16 rRNA

2. MLST

22
Q

What are 2 methods of identification? and differences?

A

Dichotomous key :

  • Easy way to identify pathogens ?
  • APT strip–> flow chart to identify
  • You have to know some info first….

Serotyping :
- Uses antibodies to determine characteristics of bacteria

23
Q

What are the serotypes for LPS, Capsule and Flagella?

A
  • LPS: O serotype
  • Capsule: K serotype
  • Flagella : H seotype
24
Q

Give and exemple of filamentous actinobacteria? Describe your exemple.

A

Streptomyces

  • hyphal growth
  • produce sporophores –> dessication resistant spores
25
Q

What is an exemple of Stalker bacteria?

A

Caulobacter

26
Q

What type of bacteria does not use binary fission?

A

Caulobacter ( stalker bacteria)

27
Q

What are characteristics of caulobacters?

A
  • Marine
  • Don’t do binary fission (stalk production)
  • tip of the stalt produce the stickiest substance known
28
Q

Give an exemple of obligate intracellular bacteria?

A

Chlamydia

29
Q

What are characteristics of Chlamydia?

A
  • live in host only
  • Reticulate bodies –> active in host cell, become elementotary bodies
  • Elementary bodies –> are going to be secreted , infectious particles
30
Q

in what bacteria do we find reticulate and elementory bodies?

A
  • Chlamydia

Microbiology (11 decks)

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