Taxonomy And Microbiology Flashcards
The 2 types of bacteria are
Bacteria and Archeabacteria
True bacteria, most common
Eubacteria
‘Extremophiles’ bacteria that live in extreme conditions
Archaebacteria
General structure of bacteria:
Cell wall
Cell membrane
Pili or flagella for movement/stability
Genetic material (DNA circular plasmid)
Most bacteria are…..
Heterotrophic!!! Meaning they require an energy source
Why are Cyanobacteria special?
They are photosynthetic, meaning they contain chlorophyll which makes food out of sunlight
Three basic shapes of bacteria
Coubasa
Cocci, spirilla, bacilli
The names of the three groups bacteria live in
Diplo, staphylo and strepto
How do bacteria reproduce
Binary fission
Protist characteristics:
Some are plant like, some are animal like, some are both
Main organisms belonging to each phyla within this kingdom
Amoeba, paramecium, and euglena
Basic structure of an amoeba
Cats never call me
Unicellular, containing a cytoplasm, nucleus, and cell membrane
Basic structure of a paramecium
Come, cat voys, feed
Large ciliate protozoan, containing cilia, contractual vacuole, and a food vacuole
Basic structure of an Euglena
Feed plenty
Unicellular organism, containing flagella, a pellicle (thick outer covering replacing a cell wall)
What the fungi is the structure of a fungi???
Made up of Hyphae (collectively known as mycelium [the roots]), fruiting body spores, gills, stipe (the stalk).
The are made mainly of chitin (a polymer of nitrogen cap gaining glucose)
What does the hyphae/mycelium do?
The root system, helps them get nutrients and water
Asexual reproduction in fungi??
Through fragmentation, budding, or reproducing spores
Sexual reproduction in fungi??
Their hyphae (roots) touch
Nutrients that fungi need
Nitrogen, carbon, potassium, and phosphorus
How do fungi eat?
They digest good outside of their body by secreting enzymes externally then up taking the digested material
Biodiversity iss…
All of the variety of organisms in the biosphere
How can organisms be used by humans (3 ways)
a. Wild species are the source of many medicines such as aspirin
b. Useful traits in wild plants can be transferred to crop plants (plant and genetic breeding) ex//potato genes
c. The number and variety on species included in an ecosystem’s stability, productivity, and value to humans relates to ecosystem services
Kids Playing Chicken On Freeway Getting Smashed
Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
The six main kingdoms
What are the three new domains, hmmm?
Bacteria, Archea, and Eukarya (Bae)
How is an organism scientifically named
Genus first, then species. Genus capitalized and species lower cased
ex// Ursus genus maritimus species is a polar bear
Taxonomy
The science of defining and naming groups of biological organisms based on shared characteristics (things they have the same)
Explain the Lysogenic cycle
Well, at the beginning of each cycle, a virus injects its DNA (or RNA) into its bacteria host. If the D/RNA enter the lysogenic cycle,it goes a bit like this:
- The bacteriophage lies dormant, however when the bacteria divides, the D/RNA is also copied. SO, the virus continues to replicate within its host. It will lie dormant unless conditions within its host change, then the lytic cycle begins
Explain the Lytic cycle
In the Lytic cycle, the virus’s genes use the proteins within the cell to replicate, and to produce viral proteins. These proteins and copies of the virus’s original D/RNA become baby viruses called visions. The cell, helpless to it’s viral hijacker, simply waits until the pressure of the visions is too high, them the cell membrane breaks open, or lyses (hence the name…..) The virions are released and all go out fo make momma proud, and find a new cell to infect.
A bacteriophage iss….
an infected bacterial cell!!!
Why is a virus not considered to be alive?
They are not “tequnically” alive because they require a host to reproduce
Microscope usage…?
A microscope uses beams of electrons that are focused by magnetic fields
