Taxonomy

Question 1

hierachy

Answer 1

groups within groups, no overlap

Question 2

phylogenetic group

Answer 2

grouped according to common ancestry

Question 3

DNA Helicase

Answer 3

separates the two strands on the double helix so nucleotides can attach to the bases

Question 4

What is the order of the taxonomic hierachy?

Answer 4

Kingdom
Phylum
class
order
family
Genum
species

Question 5

How can animals be decided to be closely related to each other

Answer 5

using DNA hybridisation, the higher the temperature at which the two strands split, the the more hydrogen bonds there are, therefore the more similar the base sequence

Question 6

What is a genetic bottle neck

Answer 6

1) dramatic drop in the population, due to catastrophic disaster
2) reduced gene pool
3) reduction in variety of alleles

Question 7

what is the founder affect

Answer 7

1) group from population separate from main group- new population established
2) loss of genetic variation that occurs, reduced number of alleles
3) less able to cope with change

Question 8

classification def.

Answer 8

the grouping of organisms

Question 9

taxonomy def.

Answer 9

the theory and practice of biological classification

Question 10

artificial classification

Answer 10

divides organisms according to differences that are useful at the time e.g. size, colour, number of legs- analogous characteristics- they have the same function but different evolutionary origins

e.g. the wings of butterflies and birds are both used for flight but they originated in different ways

Question 11

natural classification

Answer 11

based on evolutionary relationships - based on homologous characteristics- have similar evolutionary origins regardless of their function
e.g the wing of a bird, the arm of a human and the front leg of a horse all have the same basic structure and all evolved from a common ancestor