Taxonomy Flashcards by Andrea Chakwizira

Phylum: Firmicutes

Class: Clostridia

Order:
?

Family: Eubacteriaceae

Genus: Eubacterium

Species: E. hallii

Order: Clostridiales

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Phylum: ?

Class: Clostridia

Order:
Clostridiales

Family: Eubacteriaceae

Genus: Eubacterium

Species: E. hallii

Phylum: Firmicutes

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Phylum: Fusobacteria

Class:
?

Order: Fusobacteriales

Family: Fusobacteriaceae

Genus: Fusobacterium

Species: F. nucleatum

Class: Fusobacteriia

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Phylum: Fusobacteria

Class:
Fusobacteriia

Order: ?

Family: Fusobacteriaceae

Genus: Fusobacterium

Species: F. nucleatum

Order: Fusobacteriales

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How do the “order” names end?

“ales”

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How to the “family” names end?

“aceae”

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How are the species names written?

Capital letter, full stop, and then rest in italics

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Phylum: Firmicutes

Class: Clostridia

Order: Clostridales

Family:
?

Genus: Blautia

Species: B. coccoides

Family: Lachnospiraceae

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Phylum: Firmicutes

Class: Bacilli

Order: Lactobacillales

Family: Lactobacillaceae

Genus:
?

Species: P. pentosaceus

Pediococcus

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Phylum: Firmicutes

Class: Bacilli

Order: Lactobacillales

Family:
?

Genus: Limosilactobacillus

Species: L. reuteri

Family: Lactobacillaceae

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Phylum: Actinobacteria

Class: Actinobacteria

Order: Bifidobacteriales

Family: Bifidobacteriaceae

Genus:
?

Species: B. longum

Genus: Bifidobacterium

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Phylum: Firmicutes

Class:
?

Order: Lactobacillales

Family: Lactobacillaceae

Genus: Lacticaseibacillus

Species: L. casei

Class: Bacilli

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Phylum: Firmicutes

Class: Bacilli

Order: Lactobacillales

Family: Lactobacillaceae

Genus:
?

Species: L. paracasei

Genus: Lactobacillus

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Phylum:
?

Class: Clostridia

Order: Clostridiales

Family: Ruminococcaceae

Genus: Faecalibacterium

Species: F. prausnitzii

Phylum: Firmicutes

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What comes first: phylum, class or order?

Phylum

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What comes second: order, class or family?

Class

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Phylum:
?

Class: Actinobacteria

Order: Bifidobacteriales

Family: Bifidobacteriaceae

Genus: Bifidobacterium

Species: B. animalis

Strain: B. animalis subsp. lactis BB-12

Phylum: Actinobacteria

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Phylum: Bacteroidetes

Class: Bacteroidia

Order: Bacteroidales

Family: ?

Genus:
Prevotella

Species: P. copri CB-7

Prevotellaceae

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Phylum: Verrucomicrobia

Class: Verrucomicrobiae

Order: Verrucomicrobiales

Family:
?

Genus: Akkermansia

Species: A. muciniphila Muc ATCC BAA-835T

Akkermansiaceae

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Phylum:
Bacteroidetes

Class: Bacteroidia

Order: Bacteroidales

Family: Bacteroidaceae

Genus:
?

Species: B. fragilis

Genus: Bacteroides

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Phylum: Proteobacteria

Class:
?

Order: Enterobacteriales

Family: Enterobacteriaceae

Genus: Escherichia

Species: E. coli

Strain: E. coli Nissle

Class: Gammaproteobacteria

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Phylum: Firmicutes

Class: Bacilli

Order: Lactobacillales

Family: Lactobacillaceae

Genus:
?

Species: L. plantarum

Strain: L. plantarum 299v

Genus: Lactobacillus

Is it gram positive or gram-negative bacteria that have an outer membrane covered with lipopolysaccharides (LPS)?

Gram negative

What does LPS consist of which is an endotoxin?

lipid A

What is the taxonomic classification of E. coli ATCC?

■ Proteobacteria (phylum) ■ Gammaproteobacteria (class) ■ Enterobacteriales (order) ■ Enterobacteriaceae (family) ■ Escherichia (genus) ■ Escherichia coli (species) ■ Escherichia coli ATCC 11775T (strain)

What is always written in italics?

The family, genus and species name is always written in italic letters, when written by hand they are underlined

What always starts with a capital letter?

The genus name always starts with a capital letter, species do not

What does sp. or spp. mean?

(species, singular) and (species, plural)

What is a species?

A bacterial species is a collection of strains that share many stable properties (house-keeping genes) and differ significantly from other groups of strains.

Mention some phyla

Acidobacteria ■ Actinobacteria ■ Aquificae ■ Armatimonadetes ■ Bacteroidetes ■ Caldiserica ■ Chlamydiae ■ Chlorobi ■ Chloroflexi ■ Chrysiogenetes ■ Cyanobacteria ■ Deferribacteres ■ Deinococcus-Thermus ■ Desulfobacteria ■ Dictyoglomi ■ Elusimicrobia ■ Fibrobacteres ■ Firmicutes ■ Fusobacteria ■ Gemmatimonadetes ■ Ignavibacteriae ■ Lentisphaerae ■ Nitrospirae ■ Planctomycetes ■ Proteobacteria ■ Spirochaetes ■ Synergistetes ■ Tenericutes ■ Thermodesulfobacteria ■ Thermomicrobia ■ Thermotogae ■ Verrucomicrobia

Which are the important phyla?

Firmicutes Actinobacteria Cyanobacteria Bacteroidetes Fusobacteria Proteobacteria Verrucomicrobia

Give a taxonomic classification of an actinobacteria

Actinobacteria Actinobacteria Bifidobacteriales Bifidobacteriaceae Bifidobacterium Bifidobacterium animalis B. animalis BB12

Does actinobacteria consist of mostly Gram positive?

Yes

Does Bifidobacteria belong in the Actinobacteria phylum?

Yes

Taxonomic classification of Prevotella

Bacteroidetes Bacteroidetes Bacteroidales Prevotellaceae Prevotella Prevotella copri P. copri CB7

Is Bacteroidetes mostly gram negative?

Yes

Taxonomic classification of cyanobacteria

Cyanobacteria Cyanophyceae Oscillatoriales Microcoleaceae Arthrospira Arthrospira platensis

Is cyanobacteria gram negative?

Yes

Give a taxonomic classification of 299V

Firmicutes Bacilli Lactobacillales Lactobacillaceae Lactobacillus Lactobacillus plantarum L. plantarum 299v

Are the firmicutes mostly gram positive?

Yes

Are fusobacteria gram negative?

Yes

Give a taxonomic classification of a fusobacteria

Fusobacteria Fusobacteriia Fusobacteriales Fusobacteriaceae Fusobacterium Fusobacterium nucleatum F. nucleatum VPI 4355

Give taxonomic classification of E.coli

Proteobacteria Gammaproteobacteria Enterobacteriales Enterobacteriaceae Escherichia Escherichia coli Escherichia coli ATCC 11775T

Are proteobacteria gram negative?

Yes

Is proteobacteria part of the normal flora?

Yes

Give a taxonomic classification of akkermansia

Verrucomicrobia Verrucomicrobiae Verrucomicrobiales Akkermansiaceae Akkermansia A. muciniphila A. muciniphila Muc ATCC BAA-835T

Is Verrucomicrobia gram negative?

Yes

What are the characteristics of LAB?

– Gram-positive – Ferment sugars to lactic acid (mainly) – Catalase negative – Non-motile – Unable to form endospores – Able to grow at pH less than 5.5 – Non-pathogenic – Lactobacillus, Pediococcus, Weissella, Leuconostoc, Oenococcus, Lactococcus, Streptococcus thermophilus

Mention an example of a homofermentative LAB

L. acidophilus. Substrate: yeast extract in fermented milk.

Mention an example of a obligatory heterofermentative LAB

L. reuteri Produces anti-microbial substance reuterin. Found in GI tract.

Mention an example of a facultative heterofermentative LAB

L. plantarum

What is a homofermentative LAB?

Only produces lactic acidd

What is a heterofermenatative LAB?

Produces lactic acid, CO2, acetic acid, ethanol