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Probiotics > Taxonomy > Flashcards

Taxonomy Flashcards

1
Q

Phylum: Firmicutes

Class: Clostridia

Order:
?

Family: Eubacteriaceae

Genus: Eubacterium

Species: E. hallii

A

Order: Clostridiales

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2
Q

Phylum: ?

Class: Clostridia

Order:
Clostridiales

Family: Eubacteriaceae

Genus: Eubacterium

Species: E. hallii

A

Phylum: Firmicutes

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3
Q

Phylum: Fusobacteria

Class:
?

Order: Fusobacteriales

Family: Fusobacteriaceae

Genus: Fusobacterium

Species: F. nucleatum

A

Class: Fusobacteriia

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4
Q

Phylum: Fusobacteria

Class:
Fusobacteriia

Order: ?

Family: Fusobacteriaceae

Genus: Fusobacterium

Species: F. nucleatum

A

Order: Fusobacteriales

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5
Q

How do the “order” names end?

A

“ales”

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6
Q

How to the “family” names end?

A

“aceae”

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7
Q

How are the species names written?

A

Capital letter, full stop, and then rest in italics

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8
Q

Phylum: Firmicutes

Class: Clostridia

Order: Clostridales

Family:
?

Genus: Blautia

Species: B. coccoides

A

Family: Lachnospiraceae

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9
Q

Phylum: Firmicutes

Class: Bacilli

Order: Lactobacillales

Family: Lactobacillaceae

Genus:
?

Species: P. pentosaceus

A

Pediococcus

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10
Q

Phylum: Firmicutes

Class: Bacilli

Order: Lactobacillales

Family:
?

Genus: Limosilactobacillus

Species: L. reuteri

A

Family: Lactobacillaceae

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11
Q

Phylum: Actinobacteria

Class: Actinobacteria

Order: Bifidobacteriales

Family: Bifidobacteriaceae

Genus:
?

Species: B. longum

A

Genus: Bifidobacterium

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12
Q

Phylum: Firmicutes

Class:
?

Order: Lactobacillales

Family: Lactobacillaceae

Genus: Lacticaseibacillus

Species: L. casei

A

Class: Bacilli

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13
Q

Phylum: Firmicutes

Class: Bacilli

Order: Lactobacillales

Family: Lactobacillaceae

Genus:
?

Species: L. paracasei

A

Genus: Lactobacillus

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14
Q

Phylum:
?

Class: Clostridia

Order: Clostridiales

Family: Ruminococcaceae

Genus: Faecalibacterium

Species: F. prausnitzii

A

Phylum: Firmicutes

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15
Q

What comes first: phylum, class or order?

A

Phylum

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16
Q

What comes second: order, class or family?

A

Class

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17
Q

Phylum:
?

Class: Actinobacteria

Order: Bifidobacteriales

Family: Bifidobacteriaceae

Genus: Bifidobacterium

Species: B. animalis

Strain: B. animalis subsp. lactis BB-12

A

Phylum: Actinobacteria

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18
Q

Phylum: Bacteroidetes

Class: Bacteroidia

Order: Bacteroidales

Family: ?

Genus:
Prevotella

Species: P. copri CB-7

A

Prevotellaceae

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19
Q

Phylum: Verrucomicrobia

Class: Verrucomicrobiae

Order: Verrucomicrobiales

Family:
?

Genus: Akkermansia

Species: A. muciniphila Muc ATCC BAA-835T

A

Akkermansiaceae

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20
Q

Phylum:
Bacteroidetes

Class: Bacteroidia

Order: Bacteroidales

Family: Bacteroidaceae

Genus:
?

Species: B. fragilis

A

Genus: Bacteroides

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21
Q

Phylum: Proteobacteria

Class:
?

Order: Enterobacteriales

Family: Enterobacteriaceae

Genus: Escherichia

Species: E. coli

Strain: E. coli Nissle

A

Class: Gammaproteobacteria

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22
Q

Phylum: Firmicutes

Class: Bacilli

Order: Lactobacillales

Family: Lactobacillaceae

Genus:
?

Species: L. plantarum

Strain: L. plantarum 299v

A

Genus: Lactobacillus

23
Q

Is it gram positive or gram-negative bacteria that have an outer membrane covered with lipopolysaccharides (LPS)?

A

Gram negative

24
Q

What does LPS consist of which is an endotoxin?

25
Q

What is the taxonomic classification of E. coli ATCC?

A

■ Proteobacteria (phylum)
■ Gammaproteobacteria (class)
■ Enterobacteriales (order)
■ Enterobacteriaceae (family)
■ Escherichia (genus)
■ Escherichia coli (species)
■ Escherichia coli ATCC 11775T (strain)

26
Q

What is always written in italics?

A

The family, genus and species name is always
written in italic letters, when written by hand they are underlined

27
Q

What always starts with a capital letter?

A

The genus name always starts with a capital letter,
species do not

28
Q

What does sp. or
spp. mean?

A

(species, singular) and (species, plural)

29
Q

What is a species?

A

A bacterial species is a collection of strains that share many stable properties (house-keeping genes) and differ significantly
from other groups of strains.

30
Q

Mention some phyla

A

Acidobacteria
■ Actinobacteria
■ Aquificae
■ Armatimonadetes
■ Bacteroidetes
■ Caldiserica
■ Chlamydiae
■ Chlorobi
■ Chloroflexi

■ Chrysiogenetes
■ Cyanobacteria
■ Deferribacteres
■ Deinococcus-Thermus
■ Desulfobacteria
■ Dictyoglomi
■ Elusimicrobia
■ Fibrobacteres
■ Firmicutes

■ Fusobacteria
■ Gemmatimonadetes
■ Ignavibacteriae
■ Lentisphaerae
■ Nitrospirae
■ Planctomycetes
■ Proteobacteria
■ Spirochaetes
■ Synergistetes

■ Tenericutes
■ Thermodesulfobacteria
■ Thermomicrobia
■ Thermotogae
■ Verrucomicrobia

31
Q

Which are the important phyla?

A

Firmicutes
Actinobacteria
Cyanobacteria
Bacteroidetes
Fusobacteria
Proteobacteria
Verrucomicrobia

32
Q

Give a taxonomic classification of an actinobacteria

A

Actinobacteria
Actinobacteria
Bifidobacteriales
Bifidobacteriaceae
Bifidobacterium
Bifidobacterium animalis
B. animalis BB12

33
Q

Does actinobacteria consist of mostly Gram positive?

34
Q

Does Bifidobacteria belong in the Actinobacteria phylum?

35
Q

Taxonomic classification of Prevotella

A

Bacteroidetes
Bacteroidetes
Bacteroidales
Prevotellaceae
Prevotella
Prevotella copri
P. copri CB7

36
Q

Is Bacteroidetes mostly gram negative?

37
Q

Taxonomic classification of cyanobacteria

A

Cyanobacteria
Cyanophyceae
Oscillatoriales
Microcoleaceae
Arthrospira
Arthrospira platensis

38
Q

Is cyanobacteria gram negative?

39
Q

Give a taxonomic classification of 299V

A

Firmicutes
Bacilli
Lactobacillales
Lactobacillaceae
Lactobacillus
Lactobacillus plantarum
L. plantarum 299v

40
Q

Are the firmicutes mostly gram positive?

41
Q

Are fusobacteria gram negative?

42
Q

Give a taxonomic classification of a fusobacteria

A

Fusobacteria
Fusobacteriia
Fusobacteriales
Fusobacteriaceae
Fusobacterium
Fusobacterium nucleatum
F. nucleatum VPI 4355

43
Q

Give taxonomic classification of E.coli

A

Proteobacteria
Gammaproteobacteria
Enterobacteriales
Enterobacteriaceae
Escherichia
Escherichia coli
Escherichia coli ATCC 11775T

44
Q

Are proteobacteria gram negative?

45
Q

Is proteobacteria part of the normal flora?

46
Q

Give a taxonomic classification of akkermansia

A

Verrucomicrobia
Verrucomicrobiae
Verrucomicrobiales
Akkermansiaceae
Akkermansia
A. muciniphila
A. muciniphila Muc ATCC BAA-835T

47
Q

Is Verrucomicrobia gram negative?

48
Q

What are the characteristics of LAB?

A

– Gram-positive
– Ferment sugars to lactic acid (mainly)
– Catalase negative
– Non-motile
– Unable to form endospores
– Able to grow at pH less than 5.5
– Non-pathogenic
– Lactobacillus, Pediococcus, Weissella, Leuconostoc, Oenococcus, Lactococcus, Streptococcus
thermophilus

49
Q

Mention an example of a homofermentative LAB

A

L. acidophilus. Substrate: yeast extract in fermented milk.

50
Q

Mention an example of a obligatory heterofermentative LAB

A

L. reuteri

Produces anti-microbial substance reuterin.

Found in GI tract.

51
Q

Mention an example of a facultative heterofermentative LAB

A

L. plantarum

52
Q

What is a homofermentative LAB?

A

Only produces lactic acidd

53
Q

What is a heterofermenatative LAB?

A

Produces lactic acid, CO2, acetic acid, ethanol

Probiotics (11 decks)

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