Tax Planning Flashcards
Tax Flow
“I Got A Tattooed Gecko For November”
Income
-Exclusions (MAFIAS PADDED MICS)
Gross Income
-Deductions for AGI (ME SBRHH EATS)
AGI
-Std Deduction
-Itemized Deduction (CG UTI)
-Qual’ed Biz Expenses
Taxable Income
*Tax rate
Gross Taxable
-Tax Credits
Final Tax Due
-Prepayments
Net Tax Payable/Refund
Tax Exclusions
MAFIAS PADDED MICS
Muni bond interest
Accident & health plans: employer premiums
Fringe benefits
Inheritance & gifts
Accident & health plans: amts recieved
Scholarships
Personal residence (Section 121)
Adoption assistance program ($14,890; $223,410 to $263,410 AGI phaseout)
Death benefits
Dependent care assistance program
Education assistance up to $5250
Debt discharged
Meals & lodging for employees
Interest on education savings bonds (Series EE or I)
Compensatory damages compensation
Support payments received (child support if before 2019)
Deductions for AGI
“ME SBRHH EATS”
Moving expenses
Educator expenses ($250 or $500)
Student loan interest
Business expenses (reservist)
Retirement contributions for SE
Health care premiums for SE
HSA contributions
Early withdrawal penalties of savings accounts like CDs
Alimony payments before 2019
Tradition IRA contributions
SE tax (1/2 of)
Itemized Deductions
“CG UTI” / Below the line
Casualty and theft loss for nationally declared disasters
Gifts to charity
Unreimbursed medical greater that 7.5% of AGI
Taxes state and local (SALT) up to $10k
Interest paid (mortgages up to $750k of debt)
Standard Deductions
Regardless of filing status, opportunity to add for 65+ and or blind.
If MFJ and both over 65, $1400 * 2 = $2800 added to Std Deduction amount.
Tax Deduction
Reduces the overall taxable income
Adjust BEFORE application of the tax rate tables
Reduces tax by marginal percentage
Benefit: more valuable to HIGH-INCOME taxpayers than lower because the marginal tax rate is higher.
Tax Credit
Lowers tax due under specific circumstances
Adjust AFTER the tax due is calculated
Reduces tax due on a dollar-to-dollar basis
Benefits ALL TAXPAYERS in the same amount regardless of their marginal tax rate
Refundable Credits
Refundable Credits “AAEP”
American Oppty Tax Credit (AOTC)
Addtl Child Tax Credit
Earned Income Credit
Premium Tax Credit
Nonrefundable Credits
“CCRL”
Child & Dependent Care Credit
Child Tax Credit
Retirement Savings Contrib Credit
Lifetime Learning Credit
Tax Form 1040X
Amended Tax Return
Tax Form 1040ES
Estimated Tax for Individuals
Tax Form 1041
Estate & Trusts
Tax Schedule 1
Additional Income & Adjustments to Income
Tax Schedule A
Itemized deductions
Tax Schedule B
Interest and dividend income
Tax Schedule C
Profit/loss from business
Tax Schedule D
Capital losses or gains
Tax Schedule E
Rental and royalty income
Tax Schedule F
F = Farming
Profit or loss from farming
Tax Schedule H
H = House
Household employment taxes
Tax Schedule SE
Self-employment tax
Tax Form 706
“6 for 6’ under”
Estate & GSTT
Tax Form 709
“9 for I’m on cloud nine!”
Gifts and GSTT
Tax Form 1098
Mortgage interest statement
Tax Form 1099-DIV
Dividends and distributions
Tax Form 1099-INT
Interest income
Tax Form 1099-NEC
Non-employee compensation
Tax Form 1099-MISC
Miscellaneous income
Tax Form 1099-R
Retirement Distributions
Tax Form 5498
IRA contribution individuals
Tax Form 8606
Non-deductible IRAs
Lost credits for Married filing Separately (MFS)
Child/dependent care, earned income, adoption, AOTC, LLC, student loan interest
Reduced credits for Married filing Separately (MFS)
Child tax credit and savers credit
Married filing Jointly
For a widow/er, file MFJ in year of spouses death. File as Qualified Widow/er in year 1 and 2 immediately following as long as not remarried.
Estimated Tax Payment Dates
4/15
6/15
9/15
1/15
Estimated tax (prepayment) payment formula
To avoid a penalty on underpayment, the estimated quarterly payments must be 25% of the lesser of the following:
90% of the tax liability shown on the return for the current year
100% of the tax liability shown on the return for the prior year if the taxpayer’s AGI for such prior year was $150,000 or less
If AGI is greater than $150,000 MFJ or $75,000 MFS, no penalty if the taxpayer estimated tax payments in the current year equal to:
110% of the prior year’s tax, or
90% of the current year’s tax
Tax Penalty - Negligence
“Ray Allen #20 was negligent in handling of exit from Celtics”
No intent to defraud.
20% penalty applied to amount of deficiency
Tax Penalty - Fraud
Intent to defraud
75% penalty applied to amount of deficiency
Tax Penalty - Frivolous Return
“Go pound sand” written on tax return
$5000 penalty
Tax Penalty - Failure to File
5% of the unpaid taxes for each month or part of a month that a tax return is late, up to 25% max
Minimum penalty of $435 if later than 60 days
Tax Penalty - Failure to Pay
0.5% per month the tax is unpaid up to a max of 25%
Tax Penalty - Understatement of Liability
If the tax withheld from W-2 and/or estimated payments is less than;
-90% of current year liability
-100% of the prior year
-110% if taxpayers AGI is greater than $150k MFJ
Tax Penalty - Failure to Pay & Failure to File
If both applied in same month, the Failure to File penalty is reduced by the amount of the Failure to Pay Penalty for that month, for a combined penalty of 5% for each month or part of a month that the return was late.
Tax Entities
S Corp - Pass thru; treat dividend distro’s as tax benefit -> no income tax on them!
C Corp -
Partnership - Pass thru
Limited Liability Co - Pass thru
Sole-proprietor
Cash Method - accounting
Recognize expenses when they are actually paid and receive when they are actually or constructively received.
Constructive receipt occurs when the finds are available without restriction.
Tax return is always cash basis.