Task List B Flashcards
response class
a group of responses with the same outcome
unconditioned response
reinforcement by a stimulus that does not need to be taught
conditioned reinforcer
a conditional reinforcer that has been paired with many UCR and CR and does not need a MO for effectiveness
generalized conditioned reinforcer
a conditioned reinforcer that has been paired with many UCR and CR and does not depend on a MO for effectiveness
stimulus class
a set of stimuli sharing common elements example: a palm tree, apple tree are all in the same category of trees
feature stimulus class
same response, share common physical properties example- things with tails
arbitrary stimulus class
same category different physical properties example: sources of protein
formal stimulus class
describes stimulus by their physical dimension, like size and shape
functional stimulus class
its effect on behavior example: cutting onions, sad movie
temporal stimulus class
when the stimulus occurs with respect to the behavior example: my phone ringing is an antecedent stimulus
unconditioned stimulus
a stimulus that elicits an unconditioned response
conditioned stimulus
a formal neutral stimulus that evokes a response after it is paired with an unconditioned and conditioned stimulus
respondent conditioning
a neutral stimulus (NS) is paired with and unconditioned stimulus (US) until the NS becomes a conditioned stimulus
operant conditioning
learning occurs by the consequence that follows the response example: training to sit when you say the word sit
respondent extinction
repeated presentations of CS weakens the elicited response (UR)
operant extinction
a process used to decrease or eliminate a behavior by withholding reinforcement in the presence of the behavior
discriminated avoidance
a conditioning procedure that involves avoiding an unpleasant stimulus when a warning signal is present
free operant avoidance
when the contingency for behavior prevents the onset of an aversive stimulus
variable ratio
a reinforcement schedule where a reward is given after an unpredictable number of response
variable interval
provides reinforcement after random time intervals
fixed ratio
a schedule of reinforcement where reward is given after a set number of responses
fixed interval
a schedule of reinforcement that rewards a response after a set amount has passed
differential reinforcement of higher rates of behavior (DRH)
useful in increasing the rate of desired behavior that are in the learners repertoire but occur infrequently example: making bed
differential reinforcement of lower rates (DRL)
reinforces behavior you want to reduce but not eliminate example saying “hi”
differential reinforcement of alternative behavior (DRA)
reduce problematic behavior by reinforcing appropriate behavior
differential reinforcement of incompatible behavior (DRI)
the replacement behavior is incompatible with the problem behavior
differential reinforcement of other behavior (DRO)
reinforce the absence of target behavior
bonus response cost
the individual is given access to non-contigent reinforcement that are removed in a specified time when targe behavior occurs
non- contingent reinforcement (NCR)
provides reinforcement on a specified schedule and is independent of target behavior
response topography
the physical form or shape of the behavior
respondent behavior
behavior that is unlearned
overt behavior
observable to the naked eye
covert behavior
private events like thoughts, emotions or feelings
operant behavior
behavior that is learned example: answering the phone
response
a specific instance of a behavior
non- exclusionary time-out
the individual is not removed from the area
exclusionary time out
the individual is removed from the area
extinction
reinforcement is withheld for a previously reinforced behavior
replacement behavior
replacement is identified for a maladaptive behavior
FCT
uses DRA to teach individuals to communicate using vocal, PECs,sign gesture
punishment procedures
only use when all other procedures have been ruled out
automatic reinforcement
reinforcement is produced by the behavior that is exhibited
socially mediated contigencies
reinforcement is delivered by another person
unconditioned reinforcer
A reinforcer for which the value is not taught
conditioned reinforcer
a reinforcer that becomes reinforcing based on a learning history
generalized reinforcer
a conditioned reinforcer that reinforcers many behaviors
unconditioned punisher
a punishment that works without been taught example : starvation
conditioned reinforcer
a previously neutral stimulus that acts as a punisher after being paired with one or more punishers example getting an “F” on a math exam
generalized punisher
a conditioned punisher that punishes many behaviors example : the word “no”
token economy
allows individual to gain access to generalized conditioned reinforcements as immediate reinforcement . The tokens can be exchanged for back up reinforcement
conditioned reinforcers
are reinforcers for which the individual
has a learning history.
To establish a conditioned reinforcer, the item must be paired
with another reinforcer. After pairing, the new reinforcer has the
same value of the original reinforcer
Stimulus prompts
are antecedent stimuli that is used to help individual complete the task.
The prompts cue the individual as to how to complete the task.
response prompts
are provided to the individual when they are attempting to complete a
task. The response prompts help “shape” the person’s response.
operant extinction
withholding reinforcement from a previously
reinforced behavior and leads to a decrease in the frequency of the
behavior
Your client loves to press all the buttons on the toy because it makes
noise. You take the batteries so you don’t have to listen to it
You love your phone even though it is not the “latest”. The company
no longer makes apps or updates for your phone.
You are not happy that your roommate screams across the house
when she wants your attention. You used to answer her, but now you
are not answering her until she comes to where are you.
stimulus control
responding only occurs or occurs at a high rate
when a particular stimulus is present
You stop when you see a red light
You are working on greetings with your client by using written
prompts. In the morning, you and your client always walk through
the office. As your client approaches teachers in the office, you
provide the written prompts, and your client says good morning.
Your son is cursing in his room with his friends. You walk into the
room as they are talking, and the cursing stops
discrimination
a response that occurs more frequently in the
presence of one stimulus than in the presence of another
stimulus
Your son calls you “daddy” when they see you but not when
they see other men
You are using flashcards to study for your exam. When you
look at the word “s-delta” you provide the definition of the
word.
You give your child a map of the US and ask her to label each
state. She writes the name of each state on the map
generalization
occurs when an individual applies what is learned in
one situation to a new situation with different people and settings
stimulus generalization
when more than one stimulus evokes the
same response
You are shopping for a new car. You walk around the dealership and see a
Mini Cooper. You tell your friend, “I like that car.” You keep walking, and
you see a Mustang. You tell your friend again, “I like that car.”
Your computer mouse died. You go to the store to get a new one. You see
about 15 different kinds and think to yourself, “I don’t know which mouse I
want.”
response generalization
an individual uses an untrained response that
is functionally equivalent to the learned behavior
maintenance
the extent that a learner continues to
perform a behavior after the intervention is removed
discriminative stimulus
reinforcement is available
stimulus delta
is a stimulus for which a particular
response will not be reinforced
discriminative stimulus and MO together
a discriminative stimulus signals the availability
of a reinforcer
masking
when a competing stimulus blocks the evocative
function of a stimulus that has acquired stimulus control.
overshadowing
a behavior is not learned because it is
“overshadowed” by another stimulus.
Surrogate MO
a stimulus that becomes effective when it
is paired with another MO. The surrogate MO has the same
value- and behavior-altering effects as the original MO.
reflexive MO
a stimulus that becomes effective as a MO
when it comes before an event that either becomes worse
or is getting better. Because the stimulus comes before an
aversive event, an individual would be reinforced by
escaping or avoiding the event.
transitive MO
a stimulus that can increase or decrease the
value of a reinforcer - you cannot have access to the stimulus
you want until you solve the problem
ruled governed behavior
a behavior that is controlled
by a verbal statement example using the “Enter” door to go into a store and the “Exit’
door when going out of the store
contingency shaped behavior
behavior that is acquired
from direct exposures to the contingencies
verbal behavior
a behavior that:
* is reinforced through the meditation of another person’s behavior
* is mediated by others
* is based on the function of the response and not the topography
* includes more than just spoken words
verbal operants
the response to the MO or Sd
* controlled by the MO or Sd and produces reinforcement in the form of
the item asked for or a generalized conditioned reinforcer
superstitious mand
a mand in which the reinforcement occurs
accidentally and does not occur due to reinforcement in similar
circumstances
magical mand
a mand in which the reinforcement has never
occurred and may be maintained by an emotional state
Solistic Extension:
poor use of
language: slang, improper
Metaphorical Extension
the
novel stimulus shares some but
not all the features of the original
stimulus
Metonymical Extension
verbal response to
a novel stimulus that does not share
features of the original stimulus
Generic Extension
think stimulus
generalization
Derived stimulus relations
the relationship that is
formed between two stimuli with no prior learning
reflexivity
the relationship that is formed between two
stimuli with no prior learning (match to sample)
symmetry
when an individual is taught that A=B and then
demonstrates the understanding that B=A with no training
transivity
when an individual is taught that A=B and C=C
and then demonstrated the understanding that A=C
reflexivity
the relationship that is formed between
two stimuli with no prior learning (match to sample)
symmetry
When an individual is taught that A=B and then
demonstrates the understanding that B=A with no training.
The stimulus control of both stimuli is symmetrical
