Task A

Question 1

applied behavior analysis

Answer 1

a science devoted to understanding and improving human behavior

Question 2

behaviorism

Answer 2

the philosophy of science of a behavior

Question 3

determinism

Answer 3

all scientists presumes that the universe is a lawful and properly place in which all phenomena occur as the result of other events

Question 4

empiricism

Answer 4

the practice of objective observation and measurement of the phenomena interest

Question 5

experiment

Answer 5

a carefully controlled comparison of some measure of the phenomenon of interest (dependent variable) under two or more conditions in which one factor (independent variable) differs from one condition to another

Question 6

experimental analysis of behavior (EAB)

Answer 6

a natural science approach to the study of behavior as a subject matter in its own right founded by B.F Skinner

Question 7

explanatory fiction

Answer 7

a fictitious or hypothetical variable that often takes the form of another name for the observed phenomenon it claims to explain and contribute nothing to a functional account or understanding of the phenomenon, such as intelligence or cognitive awareness or explanation why organism pushes the lever when the light os on and food is available but does not push the lever.

Question 8

functional analysis

Answer 8

the procedure by which environmental conditions are manipulated to reliably evoke a target behavior

Question 9

functional relation

Answer 9

a functional relation exists when a well-controlled experiment demonstrates that a specific change in one event the dependent variable is reliably produced by a specific manipulation of another event (the independent variable) and the change in the dependent variable was unlikely to be the result of other factors (confounding variables).

Question 10

hypothetical construct

Answer 10

a presumed but unobserved process

Question 11

mentalism

Answer 11

an approach to explaining behavior that assumes that a mental, or inner dimension exists that differs from a behavioral dimension and phenomena in this dimension either directly cause or at least mediate some behaviors if not

Question 12

methodological behaviorism

Answer 12

events that cannot be publicly observed as outside realm of science

Question 13

parsimony

Answer 13

the practice of ruling out simple, logical explanations before considering more complex

Question 14

philosophic doubt

Answer 14

all scientific data and theory should continuously be questioned

Question 15

pragmatism

Answer 15

criterion for which behavior analysis judge the value of their finding

Question 16

radical behaviorism

Answer 16

attempts to understand human behavior including inner taughts

Question 17

replication

Answer 17

repeating conditions within an experiment to determine reliability

Question 18

science

Answer 18

systematic approach to understand natural phenomena