Task List B Flashcards
What living organisms say or do, implies action
How people think, feel, and what they say
Has an effect on the environment
Larger set/class of response that share physical dimensions/functions
Behavior
A single instance of a behavior
Measurable unit of analysis in the science of behavior analysis
Response
A group of behaviors that compromise an operant/have the same function
Response Class
All the behaviors that you can do and a collection of skills you have learned that are related to a specific task or a specific setting
Repertoire
stimulus conditions that are internal and external to the individual
Environment
Physical events that effect the behavior of an individual
Stimulus
3 human body systems impacted stimuli
Acronym: PIE
Proprioceptors
Interoceptors
Exteroceptors
When do stimuli occur?
Before (antecedent), during, or after a behavior
A group if antecedent or simultaneous stimuli that have a common effect on an operant class
Stimulus class
3 types of stimulus class FTF
Formal
Temporal
Functional
2 primary types of behavior
Respondent Behavior
Operant Behavior
Involuntary (behavior that is elicited without any prior learning
Reflex, Reflexive
Respondent Behavior
When the unconditioned stimulus is presented repeatedly over a short period of time, the strength of the respondent behavior dimensions
Habituation
A stimulus is conditioned (CS) to elicit a new response (CR)
Respondent Behavior
Unpairing a condition Stimulus (CS) and an unconditioned Stimulus (US)
Respondent Extincition
A behavior determined and maintained by its history of consequences
Operant Behavior
The process involving an occasion for a behavior (SD), the behavior itself, and the consequence that follows; a process that determines the future of that behavior’s occurrence or nonoccurrence.
Operant Conditioning
Principles of Behavior
PER
Punishment
Extinction
Reinforcement
A stimulus change that comes after a behavior
Consequences
A behavior that occurs in some condition/SD’s more than in others
Discriminated operant
A process that occurs when a behavior is followed immediately by the presentation of a stimulus that increases the future frequency of that and similar behaviors in similar conditions
Positive Reinforcement
5 Types of Positive Reinforcement
EATSS
Edible Activity Tangible Social Sensory
A process that occurs when a behavior is followed immediately by the reduction or removal of a stimulus that increases the future frequency of that and similar behaviors in similar conditions
Negative Reinforcement
2 types of negative reinforcement
Escape
Avoidance
A behavior that stops an ongoing aversive stimulus/unpleasant situation
Escape
A response that prevents or postpones the presentation of an aversive stimulus/unpleasant situation
Avoidance
2 types of avoidance
Discriminated Avoidance
Free Operant Avoidance
The contingency for responding is the prevention of the onset of an aversive stimulus in the presence of a signal/SD
Discriminated Avoidance
The contingency for responding is the prevention of the onset of an aversive stimulus without the presence of a signal/SD
Free-Operant Avoidance
When behavior is evoked, shaped maintained, or weakened by environmental variables that happen without other’s manipulation
Automatic Reinforcement
Punishment that occurs without the social mediation of others
Automatic Punishment
When another person controls your access to reinforcement/punishment
Social mediated Punishment
A stimulus change that can increase the future frequency of behavior without prior pairing with any other form of reinforcement
Unconditioned reinforcer/reinforcement (UCR)
When a previously neutral stimulus acquires the ability to function as a reinforcer through stimulus-stimulus pairing with 1 or more unconditioned or conditioned reinforcers.
Conditioned Reinforcer/Reinforcement(CR)
A type of conditioned reinforcer that has been paired with many unconditioned and conditioned reinforcers
Generalized Conditioned Reinforcer (GCSR)
A verbal description of a behavioral contingency
Rule-Governed Behavior
When a behavior is directly controlled by a contingency, not rules
Contingency-Shaped Behavior
A stimulus change following a behavior that results in that behavior occurring les soften or not at all in the future
Punishment
A process that occurs when the addition of a stimulus immediately following a behavior results in a decrease in the future frequency of the behavior
Positive Punishment
6 types of positive punishment’s
SORRER
Shock Overcorrection Reprimands Response Blocking Exercise Response interruption
client is required to engage in effortful behavior that’s directly related to the challenging behavior
Overcorrection
Negative or corrective feedback. Most common for of punishment.
Reprimand
physically intervene/block the response
Response Blocking
Requires a response not topographically related the behavior, like exercise
Exercise/Contingent Exercise
Interrupt a stereotypic behavior as it starts and redirect your client to a high-probability behavior
Response Interruption and Redirection
Loss of specific amount of reinforcer contingent on challenging behavior
Response Cost
3 Response Cost Methods
BFE
Bonus Response Cost
Fines/Direct Fines
Existing Cache Response Cost
Procedure in which, contingent on a target behavior, access to a specific reinforcers is prohibited for a period of time
Time-Out
A stimulus change that decreases the frequency of any behavior that immediately precedes it irrespective of the organism’s learning history with the stimulus
Unconditioned Punisher/punishment
A previously neutral stimulus that now functions as a punisher because of prior pairing with 1 or more other punishers
Conditioned Punisher/punishment
A type of conditioned punisher that’s been paired with many unconditioned and conditioned punishers
Generalized conditioned punishers
A maintaining reinforcer is no longer provided
Extinction
3 types of extinction
PAN
Positive reinforcement extinction
Automatic reinforcement extinction
Negative reinforcement extinction
An immediate increase in the rate of responding when an EXT procedures is 1st implemented
Extinction Burst
A typical short pattern in which the behavior that diminished during the EXT process reoccurs even though the behavior hasn’t been reinforced.
Spontaneous recovery
Acquired when a discriminated operant (learned behavior) occurs in the presence of the SD and doesn’t occur in its absence or in the presence of other stimuli
Stimulus Control
A signal that tells you reinforcement is available
Discriminative stimulus (SD)
A stimulus in the presence of which a given behavior has not produced reinforcement in the past
Stimulus Delta
An environmental variable which: alters (increases or decreases) the reinforcing effectiveness of a stimulus and b. alters (increases or decreases) the current frequency of all behavior that has been reinforced by that stimulus
Motivating operation (MO)
A type of MO that increases the effectiveness of a stimulus as a reinforcer in the moment and the current frequency of any behavior to contact that reinforcer
Establishing Operation (EO)
A type of MO that decreases the effectiveness of stimulus as a reinforcer in the moment and the current frequency of any behavior to contact that reinforcer, makes something less desirable
Abolishing Operations (AO)
What is the difference between the behavior altering and function altering effects of an MO?
Behavior altering effects are in the moment effects and function altering effects are future effects.
For all organisms, there are events, operations, and stimulus conditions with value-altering effects are future effect.
Unconditioned Motivating Operations (UMO’s)
MO’s that change the value of other stimuli, objects, or events due to conditioning
Conditioned Motivating Operations
Alters the value of consequences that are under the control of an MO with which it has been paired
Surrogate MO (CMO-S)
The signal that aversive events may be coming, results in avoidance behavior
Reflexive MO (CMO-R)
An environmental variable that establishes another event as a reinforcer or punisher
Transitive MO (CMO-T)
2 Types of generalization
Stimulus Generalization
Response Generalization
Responding to antecedent stimuli sharing certain aspects of the original SD; a broadening of the spectrum of stimuli that occasion a response
Stimulus Generalization
The extent to which your client exhibits novel behaviors that are functionally-equivalent to the trained target response
Response Generalization
A fixed number of responses have to occur before a response produces reinforcement
Fixed Ratio (FR)
The strongest basic schedule of INT reinforcement
Variable ratio (VR)
A fixed amount of time must elapse before a single correct response produces SR
Fixed Interval (FI)
A specific amount of variable time elapses before a single correct response produces reinforcement
Variable Interval (VI)
2 or more schedules of reinforcement are in effect separately and at the same time for 2 or more behaviors
Concurrent schedules of reinforcement
given 2 choices; you will choose to engage in the behavior that has the highest rate of SR in that moment
Matching Law
2 or more basic schedules of reinforcement are presented alternating, in a random sequence for 1 or more behaviors
Multiple schedules of reinforcement
2 or more basic schedules of reinforcement are presented and occur successively and in order
Chained schedules of reinforcement
2 or more basic schedules of SR that are presented in an alternating, random sequence for 1 or more behaviors
Mixed schedules of reinforcement
2 or more basic schedule of SR are presented and occur successively
Tandem schedules of reinforcers
A compound schedule combining the # of responses and time
Alternative schedules of reinforcement
A compound schedule combining the # of responses and time
Conjunctive schedules of reinforcement
Behaviors that are maintained independently of SR contingencies, BUT exist due to the contingencies being available for other behaviors
Adjunctive Behaviors
