Task List A

Question 1

a collection of facts about the observed events that can be quantified, classified and examined for possible similarities to other known facts; “I know what the behavior looks/sounds like”. (e.g., you are conducting a behavioral observation of a child in their math class. The child engages in crying behaviors. You observe that the behavior only occurs when the child is told by the classroom teacher that they “have to complete their math worksheet before they can play” with a preferred toy. You also observe that the child does not engage in crying behavior during any other subject, and only asks for access to the preferred toy during math class. This reflects an accurate description of the event(s) being observed).

Answer 1

Description

Question 2

repeated observations reveal that observing other events can consistently result in accurately anticipating an outcome; “I know when the behavior will occur”. (e.g., you are observing a child in their classroom who engages in screaming and banging on their desk when the teacher does not pay attention to them. After several days of observing this same interaction, you can predict that when the child is not receiving attention from the teacher, they will engage in screaming and banging on their desk).

Answer 2

Prediction

Question 3

a specific change in one event can be reliably produced by scientific manipulation of another event; this change is not due to other factors of variables; “I can turn this behavior on and off like a faucet”. (e.g., a client in a residential treatment facility engages in self-injurious behavior, and has been referred for a functional analysis. During the analysis, the client does not engage in self injury during the play (control), attention, or tangible conditions. During the demand condition, however, the client engages in self injury every time they are presented with a demand. Removing the demand consistently results in termination of the self-injurious behavior).

Answer 3

Control

Question 4

all life forms naturally and continually evolve through their learning history and evolutionary development. This happens at an individual level, and also on a species level.

Answer 4

Selectionism

Question 5

445the natural evolution of a species which includes the inheritance of survival characteristics passed down from one generation to the next.

Answer 5

Phylogeny

Question 6

how the environment changes one individual over their lifetime.

Answer 6

Ontogeny

Question 7

events that occur in the universe do not happen “out of the blue.” They occur in an orderly and predictable manner.

Answer 7

Determinism

Question 8

– objective observation of events in our environment, using information from one or more of our five senses. Rejects the option of accepting things as truth that are only known through channels outside of our five senses.

Answer 8

Empiricism

Question 9

requires the manipulation of the independent variable to see the effects on the dependent variable in order to demonstrate a functional relation.

Answer 9

Experimentation

Question 10

the repeating of already-completed experiments in order to determine the reliability and usefulness of findings.

Answer 10

Replication

Question 11

ruling out all simple, logical explanations before considering more complex or abstract explanations.

Answer 11

Parsimony

Question 12

continue to question the truth of what is regarded as fact. Have a very open, critical mind.

Answer 12

Philosophical doubt

Question 13

that something has value, or is true, to the extent that it leads to successful outcomes when practically applied

Answer 13

Pragmatism

Question 14

– attempts to understand all human behavior, including private events such as thoughts and feelings, in terms of controlling variable in the history of the person (ontogeny) and the species (phylogeny); accounts for private events by attributing them to environmental considerations. Believes that thinking is the private act of talking to oneself. As a _____, you do not operate under the assumption that feelings cause behaviors. Rather, feelings can make things in the environment more or less valuable).

Answer 14

Radical behaviorism

Question 15

– science of behavior; emphasizes objective methods of investigation and is rooted in the assumption that behavior results from interactions between the environment and individual variables (such as prior learning history).

Answer 15

Behaviorism

Question 16

scientific study of behavior to study behavior for its own sake (e.g., a researcher in a lab is studying the effects of various reinforcement schedules using mice as subjects. The mice complete a maze and receive food along the way. The researcher finds that mice complete the maze faster when they used a variable ratio schedule of reinforcement rather than a fixed interval schedule of reinforcement).

Answer 16

Experimental analysis of behavior (EAB)

Question 17

the application of behavioral principles to human subjects as it related to areas that matter to people (classroom management, instructional methods, generalization and maintenance of learning, health and fitness, communication, etc.) (e.g., a clinician is studying the effects of a token economy with a group of subjects in a clinic who all present with aggressive outbursts. The hypothesis of the study is that the implementation of a token economy will decrease the amount of verbal aggressive outburst the subjects).

Answer 17

Applied behavior analysis (ABA)

Question 18

delivery of interventions to clients that are guided by the principles of behaviorism and the research of experimental analysis of behavior and applied behavior analysis (e.g., a behavioral psychologist is implementing a chaining procedure to teach a client how to interact safely with a sibling. The intervention steps, including when to provide reinforcement, are guided by the research in applied behavior analysis).

Answer 18

Professional practice guided by the science of behavior analysis

Question 19

when a behavior proves durable over time. When it appears in a wide variety of possible environments, and/or if it spreads to a wide variety of related behaviors.

Answer 19

Generality

Question 20

when interventions improve a behavior in a practical manner. When the intervention changes the behavior is sought to change.

Answer 20

Effective

Question 21

when procedures are described clearly and concisely so that others may implement the procedures accurately.

Answer 21

Technological

Question 22

when a behavior change enhances and improves the everyday life of a learner, and those who are closest to the learner by improving a socially significant behavior.

Answer 22

Applied

Question 23

when interventions are consistent with the principles demonstrated in the literature and the research. When using research-based techniques.

Answer 23

Conceptually systematic

Question 24

when using data to make informed decisions. When a practitioner is able to show that whenever he/she applies a certain variable, the behavior is produced, and whenever he/she removes the variable, the behavior is lost.

Answer 24

Analytic

Question 25

when the chosen behavior is measurable and observable.

Answer 25

Behavioral