Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Perception 2.0 > Task 8 - Music perception > Flashcards

Task 8 - Music perception Flashcards

1
Q

What is music?

A

Ordered sound created and perceived by humans, forming meaningful patterns.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the frequency range of fundamental musical notes?

A

Up to 5000 Hz, with harmonics extending beyond this range.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is an octave in music?

A

The interval between one note and another with double or half the frequency, making them sound similar.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the chromatic scale?

A

A scale that includes all 12 semitones in an octave, including sharps and flats.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the equal-temperament scale?

A

A tuning system where each note has an identical frequency ratio to the next, allowing transposition of melodies.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the difference between Western and traditional Chinese music scales?

A

Western music follows an equal-temperament scale, while traditional Chinese music does not, resulting in different ratios between notes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is harmony?

A

The combination of different pitches that create a pleasing (consonant) or unpleasant (dissonant) sound.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What makes a chord?

A

At least two or more notes played together.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is dynamics in music?

A

The relative loudness of a piece and how it changes over time.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is rhythm?

A

The temporal patterning of music, including tempo, beat, and meter.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is tempo?

A

The pace at which music is played.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is beat?

A

Regularly spaced pulses in music that indicate whether a piece is fast or slow.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is meter?

A

The pattern of beats in a musical measure (e.g., 4/4 time). (Takt)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is timbre?

A

The unique quality of a sound that distinguishes different instruments playing the same note.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is attack in music perception?

A

The initial build-up of a note’s intensity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is decay in music perception?

A

How long a note’s fundamental frequency and harmonics remain before fading.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is a melody?

A

A rhythmically organized sequence of notes that forms a single musical idea.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is a scale?

A

An ordered set of notes starting and ending on the same note an octave apart.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the major scale pattern?

A

2, 2, 1, 2, 2, 2, 1 (semitones).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the natural minor scale pattern?

A

2, 1, 2, 2, 1, 2, 2 (semitones).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the harmonic minor scale pattern?

A

2, 1, 2, 2, 1, 2, 1 (semitones).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is a key in music?

A

A tonic note (e.g., C in C major) that gives a sense of rest and resolution.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is transposition?

A

Playing the same melody starting on a different note.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are the Gestalt principles of melody perception?

A

Proximity, similarity, closure, and good continuation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What is the proximity principle in music?
Notes close in pitch, time, or space are grouped together.
26
What is closure in melody perception?
The expectation that a melody ends on the tonic note.
27
How does music processing differ from general sound processing?
Music processing begins in the secondary auditory cortex, with stronger activation in the right hemisphere for pitch.
28
What brain areas process rhythm?
Primary auditory cortex (right hemisphere), belt & parabelt areas, left parietal cortex, and cerebellum.
29
What is synaesthesia in music perception?
A condition where hearing music triggers color experiences (color-music synaesthesia).
30
What is amusia?
A condition where brain damage impairs music perception, particularly pitch discrimination.
31
What is the Shepard tone illusion?
A sound that seems to continuously ascend or descend, even though it loops
32
What is the octave illusion?
When one ear hears a high note and the other hears a lower note, but we perceive a single shifting note.
33
What is the scale illusion?
When two different ascending/descending scales are played in each ear, but the brain reorganizes them into a coherent sequence.
34
What is the tritone paradox?
A musical interval where some listeners hear an ascending pitch while others hear a descending one.
35
How does sensorineural hearing loss affect music perception?
It affects high frequencies, pitch perception, and timbre differentiation.
36
Why do hearing aids struggle with music perception?
They amplify sound but do not restore pitch resolution, and slow processing may blur sound.
37
Why do cochlear implants make music perception difficult?
They focus on speech clarity, making it hard to perceive harmony and melody.
38
What brain areas are activated more by music than speech?
The planum polare and superior temporal gyrus (right hemisphere).
39
What brain areas are activated more by human voices than music?
The superior temporal sulcus and gyrus.
40
How can music training change the brain?
It increases left hemisphere involvement and motor cortex organization for complex movements.
41
What is the planum temporale, and what role does it play in music perception?
A brain region in the secondary auditory cortex associated with pitch processing and musical training effects.
42
How does the right hemisphere contribute to music perception?
It is more sensitive to small pitch changes and plays a major role in melody and harmony recognition.
43
How does musical training affect the brain?
It leads to greater activation in the left hemisphere, improves motor coordination, and enhances auditory processing.
44
What happens in the superior temporal gyrus (STG) during music listening?
It becomes active, especially in the anterior planum polare, which is more responsive to music than speech.
45
What is the difference in brain activation between music and speech?
Music activates the planum polare, while speech activates the superior temporal sulcus and gyrus.
46
What is auditory stream segregation in music perception?
The process of separating different sounds (melody vs. background music) into distinct auditory objects.
47
What is melodic contour?
The overall shape of a melody, defined by the rising and falling pitch patterns.
48
How does the cerebellum contribute to music perception?
It is involved in rhythm processing and movement coordination for playing instruments.
49
How do visual cues affect music perception?
Watching an instrument being played can enhance rhythm perception and emotional engagement.
50
What role does the left hemisphere play in music processing?
With musical training, it becomes more involved in pitch and rhythm processing, alongside the right hemisphere.
51
What is the relationship between music perception and speech perception?
Both involve hierarchical auditory processing, but music engages more pitch-related brain regions.
52
What is musical timbre, and how is it processed?
Timbre is the quality of a sound that makes instruments sound unique; it is processed in the auditory cortex and secondary auditory areas.
53
What is the importance of Weber’s Law in music perception?
It explains why we perceive frequency ratios (not absolute differences) when identifying musical intervals.
54
Why do Western and Eastern music traditions differ in their scales?
Western music uses an equal-temperament scale, while some Eastern traditions use scales with varying frequency ratios.
55
What is the role of the inferior frontal gyrus in music perception?
It helps with complex musical structure analysis, including harmony and melody integration.
56
How does hearing impairment affect timbre perception?
It distorts harmonic structures, making it difficult to differentiate between instrument sounds.
57
What musical abilities are most affected in cochlear implant users?
Pitch perception, melody recognition, and harmony differentiation are severely impaired.
58
What are some strategies for improving music perception in cochlear implant users?
Music training, rehabilitation programs, and device tuning to emphasize melodic contours.
59
What type of hearing loss is most common in musicians?
Sensorineural hearing loss, often due to exposure to loud sounds over time.
60
How do digital hearing aids process music differently from speech?
They amplify sound but do not modify frequency resolution, leading to blurred musical perception.
61
What is congenital amusia?
A lifelong inability to recognize or process music, often linked to genetic and neural factors
62
How do Shepard tones create an auditory illusion?
By overlapping frequencies an octave apart, making it sound like a continuously rising or falling scale.
63
What is the tritone paradox, and why does it occur?
Some listeners hear a tritone interval ascending, while others hear it descending, due to individual pitch perception differences.
64
How does the octave illusion work?
Each ear receives a different note one octave apart, but we perceive a single shifting note instead.
65
What is the scale illusion, and how does it demonstrate auditory perception?
When different scale fragments are played in each ear, the brain reorganizes them into a coherent melody.
66
What happens in the auditory cortex when processing musical scales?
Different neurons respond to pitch, rhythm, and harmonic relationships, forming a tonotopic map.
67
What is the role of the medial temporal gyrus (MTG) in music?
It contributes to music memory and emotional processing of melodies.
68
How does listening to music engage social processing areas of the brain?
Music activates areas related to voice perception and emotion, including the superior temporal sulcus.
69
How can music training improve cognitive abilities?
It enhances memory, executive function, and auditory discrimination skills.
70
How do individual differences affect musical perception?
Genetics, culture, and experience influence how we perceive pitch, harmony, and rhythm.

Perception 2.0 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions