Task 5 Pre-discussion Knowledge

Question 1

Figures of speech

Answer 1

words, constructions you can employ to make your argument more attractive

Question 2

Effects of figures of speech (x6)

Answer 2

1. Placing emphasis
2. Creating an impression
3. Building tension
4. Introducing surprise or bewilderment
5. Causing astonishment
6. Enhancing your persuasive powers

Question 3

Repetitio

Answer 3

a word or phrase repeated a number of times, hammering it home to the audience

Question 4

Anaphora

Answer 4

a repetitio at the start of a number of sentences or lines of verse e.g. “I have a dream”

Question 5

The rule of 3

Answer 5

big role in rhetoric, a discourse for instance has 3 phrases and the use of 3 arguments is recommended

e. g. blood, sweat and tears
e. g. see no evil, hear no evil, speak no evil

Question 6

Chiasmus

Answer 6

2 related sentences or phrases are each other’s syntactical mirror image

Question 7

Rhetorical question

Answer 7

rather than a real question is a definite statement in the shape of a question

Question 8

Metaphor

Answer 8

call something by another name direcly, comparing that which you really mean with that which you call it

Question 9

Tautology

Answer 9

a concept is repeated using a different word that has (roughly) the same meaning

e.g. bits and pieces

Question 10

Pleonasm

Answer 10

an obvious quality of an object or concept is repeated, the words or concepts used belong to 2 different lexical categories e.g. a round circle

Question 11

Hyperbole

Answer 11

a more or less appropriate exaggeration, often has a comical effect e.g. to laugh one’s head off

Question 12

Enumeration

Answer 12

a number of names, facts, arguments follow each other up, giving each element of the enumeration an emphatic and convincing ring

Question 13

Paradox

Answer 13

an apparent contradiction, something appears not to be right but upon closer reading the phrasing turns out to be correct after all

e.g. man was born free, and everywhere he is in chains

Question 14

Understatement

Answer 14

opposite of hyperbole: intentional trivalisation e.g. well at least we have a roof over our heads (we live in a million dollar mansion)

Question 15

Euphemissm

Answer 15

a term which sounds too harsh or unkind is replaced with another, less direct term e.g. peacekeeping force (intervention force)

Question 16

Oxymoron

Answer 16

a combo of 2 contradictory terms

e.g. speaking by keeping silent

Question 17

Litotes

Answer 17

a special kind of understatement: something is strongly emphasized by denying the opposite

e.g. you won’t regret trying it out (you’ll be happy)