Task 3 Pre-Discussion Knowledge

Question 1

Multilayered arguments

Answer 1

reasons or objections have drawn out new reasons or objections

Question 2

Rebuttal

Answer 2

when a reason is followed by an objection within an argument

Question 3

2 kinds of rebuttal

Answer 3

1. Counterargument to a premise

2. Counterargument to a conclusion

Question 4

Counterargument to a premise

Answer 4

shows that a reason’s contention is false

Question 5

Counterargument to a conclusion

Answer 5

demonstrates that even though the contention proposed in the reason is correct, this contention does not provide enough proof to support the conclusion

Question 6

Refutation

Answer 6

if a counterargument is itself rejected within an argument

Question 7

As long as the second objection is correct, refutation means that…

Answer 7

the first objection in the argument can be ignored

Question 8

2 types of refutations (like rebuttal)

Answer 8

1. Refutation of premise

2. Refutation of conclusion

Question 9

2 macrostructual rules when constructing complex arguments

Answer 9

1. Pyramidal rule

2. MECE rule

Question 10

Pyramidal rule

Answer 10

a well-structured argument has a pyramidal shape

Question 11

2 aspects of pyramidal rule

Answer 11

1. The higher up the argument is placed, the more general and abstract
2. When two arguments are placed on the same level, they should have the same level of abstraction

Question 12

The MECE rule acronym

Answer 12

Mutually Exclusive, Collectively Exhaustive

Question 13

MECE rule

Answer 13

Holds that there must be no overlap or gaps in any groups of reasons or objections

Question 14

Mutually exclusive

Answer 14

Within each group, the reasons and objections should be different from one another (however, does not mean that there cannot be any conceptual overlap between reasons or the objections)

Question 15

Collectively exhaustive

Answer 15

all conceivable arguments that are relevant to the claim are brought to bear, leaving no gaps in the argument tree