Task 4 Flashcards
attention
-prioritised processing of some inputs, from a larger set of selectable items
divided attention
- can do multiple things at the same time but less accurately
- difficulty depends on:
- how constantly the attention is required for both tasks
- similarity between tasks
covert attention
allocation of attention without making eye movements
overt attention
shift in attention accompanied by shift in gaze
-attention systems are closely related to systems related to making eye movements
spatial attention
-prioritisation of an area within the visual field
feature attention
- attention paid to features (colors, orientation, brightness)
- visual search task -> traditional paradigm in which people are asked to quickly locate a target in an array of distractors
object attention
-attention to one objects rather than another
temporal attention
-surprised when we expect smth. to happen at a specific point in time but it doesn’t
attentional blink
- second target often missed
- first target grabs your attention so your attention system is then out of commission for a small period after that
cocktail party effect
- brain’s ability to focus one’s auditory attention (an effect of selective attention in the brain) on a particular stimulus while filtering out a range of
- we choose what to perceive and process
Lunch-line effect
- on some level, your perceptual system tracks the environment for particular salient stimuli
- > e.g. when name mentioned somewhere, that pulls your attention away from the convo you’re having
Top-down/ endogenous attention
- voluntarily focus and purposely select info to process
- > internally controlled
- like cocktail party effect
Posner task for endogenous attention
- fixate at central cross
- cue tells you where the target is about to appear (an arrow in that direction)
- try to respond to visual target as quickly as possible
- valid cue: target is where it’s supposed to be
- neutral cue: no cue
- invalid cue: target somewhere else (25%)
- timing: traget follows much later to give participants time to recover from the exogenous cue
- more valid cues than invalid cues so that it doesn’t become labelled meaningless
Bottom-up/ exogenous attention
- attention doesn’t shift by choice but automatically by salience of stimuli in our environment
- like lunch-line effect
Posner task for exogenous attention
- main difference is the nature of the cue
- valid cue: salient visual stimulus presented at the target location where the visual target next appears (so it’s not only an arrow pointing in the direction, but it is a cue at the exact location)
- invalid cue: location where target doesn’t appear next