Target DDS FINAL Flashcards

1
Q

Who proposed the concept of drug targeting as a “Magic Bullet”?

A

Paul Ehrlich.

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2
Q

What are the two main components of drug targeting?

A

1) A component that recognizes and binds the target.
2) A component that provides therapeutic action.

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3
Q

What is drug targeting?

A

The ability of a drug to accumulate selectively and quantitatively in a target organ or tissue, ideally with high concentration at the disease site and minimal concentration in non-target areas.

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4
Q

What three components are currently coordinated in the concept of a magic bullet?

A

1) drug 2) targeting moiety 3) drug carrier.

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5
Q

Name some examples of targeting moieties.

A

Antibodies, lectins, lipoproteins, hormones, charged molecules, polysaccharides, low-molecular weight ligands.

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6
Q

What is a drug carrier?

A

A device or vector that transports drugs effectively to the target area, including polymers, nanoparticles, liposomes, and cells.

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7
Q

How can drug targeting be achieved?

A

Direct application, passive accumulation through leaky vasculature, physical targeting based on pH/temperature, magnetic targeting, chemical delivery systems, and antibody-directed delivery.

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8
Q

What is an example of direct application of a drug?

A

Intra-articular administration of hormonal drugs for arthritis.

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9
Q

Describe how drug accumulation occurs in leaky areas.

A

Increased vascular permeability allows drugs in carriers like liposomes and micelles to extravasate and accumulate in areas such as tumors and inflamed tissues.

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10
Q

What is physical targeting of drugs based on?

A

Abnormal pH and/or temperature in pathological areas compared to normal tissues.

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11
Q

What is magnetic targeting of drugs?

A

A method where drugs are immobilized on ferromagnetic carriers that accumulate in a specific area when an external magnetic field is applied.

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12
Q

Define prodrugs.

A

Pharmacologically inactive drug derivatives that are converted to active forms in vivo.

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13
Q

What is the purpose of polymer drug delivery systems?

A

To prolong the half-life of drugs and reduce toxicity, such as cardiotoxicity associated with daunorubicin.

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14
Q

How are antibody-drug conjugates utilized in targeted therapy?

A

They chemically link drugs to monoclonal antibodies that target tumor-associated antigens for precise delivery.

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15
Q

What is ADEPT (Antibody Directed Enzyme Prodrug Therapy)?

A

A two-step targeting system using an antibody-enzyme conjugate to selectively convert a non-toxic prodrug into an active drug at a tumor site.

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16
Q

What is cellular targeting?

A

Using cells as carriers for drugs, often derived from the patients themselves, which may affect the properties of the cells.

17
Q

Name some viral carriers used for gene delivery.

A

Adenoviruses, Herpes simplex virus, Epstein Barr Virus

18
Q

How can physical stimuli enhance drug targeting?

A

Stimuli-response carriers can disintegrate or release drugs in response to changes in temperature or pH specific to diseased tissues.

19
Q

What is the significance of pH -sensitive liposomes in drug delivery?

A

They release their drug in acidic environments, such as tumors or inflamed tissues, providing targeted therapy.

20
Q

What distinguishes radioimmunoconjugates from other antibody-drug conjugates?

A

They couple antibodies with radioisotopes to deliver targeted radiation therapy to cancer cells.

21
Q

What are some advantages of using cellular carriers for drug delivery?

A

Increased biocompatibility and the potential for longer circulation times within the body due to the natural behavior of cells.

22
Q

What happens during hypotonic hemolysis in drug loading?

A

Erythrocytes are lysed in a hypotonic solution containing the drug, and then the solution is restored to reseal the cells with the drug inside.

23
Q

What is the importance of biodegradable bonds in drug carriers?

A

They allow for the controlled release of drugs as the carrier breaks down, enhancing targeting while minimizing toxicity.

24
Q

How do antibodies enhance the specificity of drug delivery?

A

They recognize and bind to specific antigens on target cells, ensuring that the attached drug is delivered directly to those cells.