Tapic 3 Bio 108

Question 1

Macro evolution

Answer 1

Evolutionary change at or above the species level example speciation, mass extinctions

Question 2

Micro evolution

Answer 2

Evolutionary change lo the species level change in allele frequency’s in population over generations

Question 3

Gregor Mendel

Answer 3

Developed particulate model of inheritance

Question 4

Alleles

Answer 4

Any of the alternative versions of a gene that may produce distinguishable phenotype affects

Question 5

Gamete arises from

Answer 5

Meiosis

Question 6

Mendels first law

Answer 6

Alleles segregate during gamete formation

Question 7

Mendel’s second law

Answer 7

Alleles for each trait a sort independently

Question 8

Population genetics

Answer 8

Variation within populations

Question 9

Gene pool

Answer 9

The aggregate of all copies of every type of allele at all loci in every individual in a population

Question 10

Allele frequency

Answer 10

Proportion of an allele in a population

Question 11

Hardy Weinberg equation

Answer 11

Allele frequency‘s P + q= 1

Question 12

Genotype frequencies

Answer 12

P^2 +2pq + q^2

Question 13

Hardy Weinberg theory

Answer 13

Describes a population of breeding individuals
Breeding does not change the frequency of genes in a population
The gene pool changes over time due to differential survivorship

Question 14

Assumptions of Hardy Weinberg theorem

Answer 14

Population is very large
Population is isolated
Mutation do not occur
Mating is random 
Natural selection does not occur

Question 15

Cause of micro evolution

Answer 15

Genetic drift
Gene flow
Mutations
Non-random meeting
Natural selection

Question 16

If any of microevolution happen what doesn’t exist

Answer 16

Hardy Weinberg theorem

Question 17

Genetic drift

Answer 17

Genetic drift chance events cause allele frequency’s to change

Question 18

Founders affect

Answer 18

Breeding pair migrate to a new area and found a new population who’s gene pool composition is not reflective of that of the original population

Question 19

Bottleneck affect

Answer 19

Catastrophic kills majority of population typically the surviving population is no longer genetically representative of the original population

Question 20

Gene flow

Answer 20

Related to movement in or out of population

Question 21

Alleles are gained or lost by this mechanism what are they

Answer 21

Immigration

Emigration

Question 22

Mutation

Answer 22

Random change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA

Example Amish inbreeding is the isolated community causing recessive traits is now common

Question 23

Gene duplication

Answer 23

Generate multiple copies of the same gene

Question 24

Nonrandom mating

Answer 24

Sexual selection the female pics made from characteristics

Question 25

Speciation

Answer 25

The formation of new and distinct species in the course of evolution

Question 26

Geographic isolation

Answer 26

Prevents gene flow between populations

Question 27

Directional selection

Answer 27

And extreme phenotype is favoured over other phenotypes

Question 28

Natural selection as a directional flow

Answer 28

Directional, diversifying, stabilizing

Question 29

Diversifying selection

Answer 29

The variance of the trait increases in the population is divided into two distinct groups result in speciation
If you don’t remember the definition draw the graph

Question 30

Ernest Mayr

Answer 30

Contributed to the development of biological species concept

Question 31

Species

Answer 31

Population whose members can interbreed to produce viable fertile offspring

Question 32

Speciation

Answer 32

Formation of new species

Question 33

Micro evolution

Answer 33

Changes in allele frequency within a population over time

Question 34

Reproductive isolation

Answer 34

Any factor that stops two species from producing viable offspring

Question 35

Pre-zygotic barrier

Answer 35

Occurs prior to zygote formation/fertilization

Question 36

Post zygote barriers

Answer 36

Her after zygote formation/fertilization

Question 37

Factors for pre-zygotic barriers

Answer 37

Habitat isolation, two species in same habitat do not interact, behavioural isolation,mating rituals not shared. Temporel isolation, two species breed during different times. Mechanical isolation, anatomically incompatible. Gamete isolation, gametes may not unite or zygote not formed

Question 38

Post zygotic barriers

Answer 38

Reduced hybrid viability, genetic incompatibility resulting zygote abortion. Reduced hybrid fertility, zygote formed develops,born, matures infertile due to meiotic instability. Hybrid breakdown, zygote formed, develops, born, matures reduced viability reduced fertility

Question 39

Allopatric speciation

Answer 39

Speciation due to geographic isolation, a species is separated causing them to develop different traits over time

Question 40

Sympatric speciation

Answer 40

Speciation occurs in overlapping area, call habitat do not breed but coevolve

Question 41

Adaptive radiation

Answer 41

Production of new species due to dispersal followed by genetic isolation example Galapagos islands

Question 42

Taxonomic classification

Answer 42

Domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

Question 43

Taxonomy

Answer 43

Hierarchical system of classification

Question 44

phylogeny/systematics

Answer 44

Study of biological diversity in the evolutionary context