Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

A Synaptic Transmission > Tanner 1st third > Flashcards

Tanner 1st third Flashcards

1
Q

four CNS types

A

astrocytes
ependymal
microglial
oligodendrocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

PNS types

A

satellite cells

schwann cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

ependymal cells

A 
line ventricles
produce CSF
form blood-CSF barrier
neural stem cells
precursors of neurons and astrocytes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

myelin

A

lipid rich wrapping of glial membrane around axons to provide insulation and conduction

PNS: schwann cells
CNS: oligodendrocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

PNS myelin

A

one schwann cell one axon

axons are sheathed by many schwanns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

CNS myelin

A

one oligodendrocyte, multiple axons

axons may be sheathed by many oligodendrocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

microglia

A 
smallest
star shaped
few processes
mesoderm derived (not ecto)
scavenger function/ macrophages
dormant
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

microglia respond to injury by

A 
mitosis
retract processes
product signal molecules
migrate to injury
destroy dying cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

astrocytes

A

many processes
end feet
ectoderm derived (neural origin)
CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

astrocyte function

A

3D framework for CNS; guide neuronal migration along radial glia

repair damaged neural tissue

maintain BBB with end feet

metabolic support for neurons (break glucose down give lactate)

control ionic environment; aquaporins

uptake of NT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

astrocyte synaptic functions

A

uptake GABA and Glu

express glutamate receptors, calcium entry alters shape

promote synapse formation w synaptogenic factors (tear down synapse, stabilize synapse)

envelop and isolate individual synapses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

BBB

A

keeps out: pathogens, immune cells
allows to pass: O2,CO2,lipids passively; glucose, AA, hormones actively

compromise is bad

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

how do astrocytes bridge synaptic activity to blood flow??

A

neuronal activity locally incrases cerebral blood flow via vasodilation and increasing delivery of O2 and nutrients to neurons

glutamate reuptake by mGluR on astrocyte: signal for vasodilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

growth cone filopodia

A

test environment and attracted to some chemicals and repelled by others

signals transduced in cytoplasm of GC into motility and directional changes

depends on cyto calcium levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

axon guidance

A

elongation mediated by actin in filopodia and myosin

neurite MT backbone elongates w polymerization of tubulin and membrane is added to both sides via exocytosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

slit

A

dec cell motility

Ca - depoly - endocytosis - retraction

ROBO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

netrin

A

inc motility

Ca - poly - exocytosis - elongation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

intracellular Ca2+ regulates

A

Rho-GTPase effectors

protein pohsphatases (calcineurin)

protein kinases **poly, survival, not death, mitosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

types of cues

A

long range: soluble, secreted

short range: membrane bound, contact mediated

all act with gradient dependence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

adhesion molecule interactions

A

CAM-CAM homophilic

Integrin-laminin heterophilic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

axon crossing in spinal cord

A

first express netrin receptors and attract netrin in center

cross over; on robo receptor and repelled from midline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

synapse formation

A

formation of selective contacts

differentiation of growth cone

elaboration of postsynaptic apparatus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

synapse formation

A

axon guidance: cadherin and neuroligin

cell cell adhesion: homophilic with N-cadherins

synapse formation:heterophilic neurexin and neuroligin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

cadherins

A

link to catenins; catenins link cyto domain of cadherins to actin cytoskeleton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
NRX
neurexin interacts w presynaptic scaffold proteins
26
neuroligin NLG
post synaptic density scaffold proteins
27
what forms points for contact enabling recruitment of cytoplasmic scaffold proteins>
binding of neurexin to neuroligin
28
NMJ
large synapse larger than average euk soma nAChr
29
patch clamping
suck hole draw it up
30
activators
``` acetylcholine carbachol nictoine varenicline glycopyrronium bromide muscarine ```
31
inhibitors
hexamethonium tubocurarine succinylcholine
32
nAChr structure
2 binding sites, 5 subunits | bind on alpha
33
electroplax
noncontracting muscle cells innervated by motor neuron resting potential dominated by K+ nAChr on one side only Ek = 90; ENa=60 5k rows in a series each with of 150mV
34
nAChR desensitization
with time, closed desensitized slowly
35
Reversal potential
point at which current charge switches
36
Reversal potential stuff
PNa + PK = 1 PNa(60) + PK(-90) = 0 PNa = 0.6
37
quantal hypothesis
NT is released from nerve terminals in discrete packets called quanta
38
EPP
end plate potential postsynaptically muscle EPSP result of nAChR binding to NT; EPP followed by muscle AP EPP drives AP
39
mEPP
spontaneous, 1 vesicle
40
evidence for QH
(m)EPP amp decreases with inc. distance from NMJ; mEPPs originate at NMJ synapse mEPPs disappear upon motor axon removal; mEPPs arise from motor axon; EPPs from stimulation (m) EPPs disappear upon application of ACh inhibitor; ACh NT action causes minis (m) EPPs are mimicked by spritzing several thousand ACh to NMJ; mEPPs represent spontaneous release of discrete packets of ACh (quanta) Stimulated EPPs have an mEPP shape and timecourse; synaptic potentials arise from simultaneous release of many quanta of NT
41
Q
quantal size = amplitude of post synaptic response of ONE QUANTUM of NT ==== MINI
42
M
quantal content/number average number of presynaptic quanta released by one presynaptic AP
43
vesicle hypothesis
axon terminals are filled w spherical vesicles omega figures are evident in nerve terminal ms after electrical stimulation vesicle depletion apparent after heavy stimulation biochemical analysis has shown that vesicles are filled with NT vesicles contain transporters that can be specific for the type of NT released from associated neuron
44
vesicle hypothesis equation
c = dielectic constant*area / distance between surfaces c = capacitance C increases with AP because vesicle fusion increases SA
45
vesicle fluoresence
fill vesicles w fluorescent NT - flash seen when vesicle fuses with membrane
46
dense core vesicles
electron dense; peptide NT; more stimulation, further from active site
47
stimulation (AP) only causes EPP in presence of
calcium to release NT
48
one vesicle represents
1 quantum
49
small clear core vesicles
small NT active zone lower stimulation
50
why does TTX increase K0 and cause vesicular release
changing Ek for more positive leak channels dominate depolarization ca2+ in release
51
excitation secretion
AP down axon depolarization opens VGCCs Ca2+ in Ca2+ vinds synaptotagmin detection of Ca triggers fusion and NT release
52
postsynaptic current =
k[Ca2+]i^4
53
SNARE Hypothesis
SNARE proteins on vesicle surface interact w snares on plasma membrane internal face
54
vsnare
on vesicle
55
SNAP
soluble NSF attachment protein
56
NSF
n-ethykmaleimide sensitive factor
57
Snare hypothesis experiment
N-ethylmaleimide binds in column to purify NSF: load sample, add NSF and it binds; wash
58
use of purified NSF
sequence and use it to learn about SNAP
59
use of purified SNAP
learn about it and learn snares
60
Snare hypothesis stages of exocytosis
trafficking: movement of vesicles tethering: restraint of vesicles docking: binding of vesicles to membrane priming: tight molecular interactions via SNARES fusion: merging of membranes, release and inversion; ca2+ is signal REQUIRES ATP
61
docking
SNAP25 and syntaxin on presynaptic plasma membrane interacts with synaptobrevin on outside of vesicle membrane
62
priming
SNARE complexes form to pull membranes together ATP dependent
63
Ca2+ sensing
entering Ca2+ binds to synaptotagmin sensor: force trans to cis rapid; 0.2ms -- pore formation and vesicle fusion
64
steps that are ATP dependent
priming disengagement of SNARE complex
65
after fusion
SNAPs bind NSF bind SNARES and disengage
66
endocytosis
translocation of fused membrane clustering of vesicle proteins clathrin coating - forms on intracellular side; guided by receptors fission - invagination; pinching off from dynamin recycling and refilling; decoating; merging of vesicle with endosome; retethering/filling
67
buffers
control calcium and vesicular release
68
what matters with calcium concentratioN?
distance and time
69
facilitation
a temporary increase in synaptic strength

A Synaptic Transmission (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions