Talking about Cranial and Facial Bones Flashcards
What can you tell me about the Occiput?
located in the posterior cranial fossa
squamus and basilar portions and condylar x 2, internal and external occipital protruberances, clevus (slope up to SBS)
articulates with: temporals, parietal, sphenoid and SBS
foramina: foramen magnum (spine, hypo-glossal canal and nerve XII), jugular foramen (jugular vein, glossopharyngeal (IX), vagus(X) and accessory (XI)
sutures: lamboid, occiput-mastoid, petro-condyle
membranous: falx cerebelli, straight sinus and confluence of sinuses
What can you tell me about the Frontal bone?
anterior of the skull and forming top of eye socket
articulates with: parietals, sphenoid, ethmoid, lacrimal, zygoma, maxillae, nasal bones
sutures: coronal, bregma, spheno-frontal, metopic suture - forms 8 years, nasion
membranous attachments: falx cerebri
foramina: supra-orbital notch where opthalmic division of V comes through superior orbital fissure
What can you tell me about the Sphenoid?
fulcrum of the cranial system, middle cranial fossa
looks like a butterfly, greater wings, lesser wings, main body, pterygoid processes (leading to muscles) and canal, medial and lateral plates, salla turcica, pituatory gland (master gland), diaphragm sellae, optic chiasma
articulates with: every bone in cranium as well as zygomata, palatines, vomer in face
foramina: optic canal and nerve, foramen rotundum (maxillary branch V), foramen ovale (mandibular branch V to mental fossa for motor function) foramen spinosum (recurrent meningeal) and superior orbital fissure (oculomotor, trochlear and abducens for eye movement + opthalmic branch of trigeminal and opthalmic vein)
What can you tell me about the Parietals?
x 2 superior on cranium
articulates with: temporals, occiput, frontal, sphenoid
sutures: sagittal, lamboid and pterion at occiput, asterion at sphenoid, squamosal (temporals) bregma at front, lamda at back
membranous attachments: falx cerebri following sagittal sinus
What can you tell me about the Temporals?
two lateral sides of cranium, medial cranial fossa
squamus and petreous portions and petreous ridge, styloid process, mastoid portion and tip meets with zygomatic process, TMJ with mandible
articulates with: parietals, sphenoid, occiput, mandible, zygomata
external and internal auditory meatus: inner ear hearing and balance apparatus > ear drum (tympanic membrane), cochlear, eustachian tubes
Also: vestibular-cochlear nerve VIII and facial nerve VII pass through
foramina: Jugular foramen (hypoglossal, vagus and accessory and jugular vein) and formaen lacerum (carotid artery - main blood supply to skull, veins and nerve)
membranous: ridge attachment for tentorium
sutures: occiput-mastoid (asterion), squamosal, spheno-temporal (pterion) - only bevelled suture in skull others all digitated
What can you tell me about the Ethmoid?
within the frontal bone anterior cranial fossa
bridge between facial and cranial bones
christa galli at top, cribriform plate where olfactory nerve goes through, perpendicular plate, internal nasal conchae and medial nasal conchae
articulates with: lacrimals, sphenoid, frontal, palatines, vomer (all facial except maxillae and zygomatic)
membranous attachments: falx cerebri at the crista galli
also: sinuses - cavernous drains into ethmoidal
etheral component home of the third eye
What can you tell me about the Maxillae?
x 2 anterior of the skull, forming the cheeks of the face, lower rims of eye socket
frontal process, zygomatic process, alveolar process (teeth)
articulates with every bone in face: zygomata, frontal, nasal, lacrimals, sphenoid, ethmoid, inferior nasal conchae, vomer
foramina: infra-orbital foramen (+ inferior orbital fissure where additional maxillary branch of trigeminal V)
sutures: inter-maxillary (join above the top mouth and below nose) incisive fossa (upper back of mouth) cruxiate (palatines)
also: moves with palatines and vomer when a healthy cranial system + houses upper teeth
What can you tell me about the Palatines?
x 2 at upper back of mouth forming palate - pterygoid plates of sphenoid
articulates with: vomer, sphenoid, maxillae, ethmoid
sutures: infra-palatine maxillary branch (trigeminal V), cruxiate suture
shock absorber for blow to face
What can you tell me about the Vomer?
known as the plough
pointy bone in centre of face, forming part of the septum
Rests on superior surface on infra-palatine suture
articulates with: sphenoid, palatines, ethmoid, nasal conchae
gliding movement
What can you tell me about the Nasal Bones?
x2 located anterior of the cranium on the front of the face
articulates with: maxillae, frontal, ethmoid
sutures: nasion with frontal
membranes: cartillage
What can you tell me about the Zygomata?
x 2 with arch and process to form cheekbones and outer rim of eye socket
fossa where joins TMJ, mandibular condyle, coroid process
articulates with: temporals, frontal, sphenoid, maxillae
What can you tell me about the Lacrimals?
x 2 located below the nasion, interior medial of orbit
tear drainage
articulates with: ethmoid, maxillae, frontal
What can you tell me about the Inferior Nasal Conchae?
articulates with: ethmoid, maxillae and vomer
What can you tell me about the Mandible?
Only bone separate from cranium joined only at TMJ to temporals
TMJ (temporal mandibular joint)
houses lower teeth
ramus, condyles, coronoid process (where jaw muscles and masseter joins)
foramina: mental foramina where mandibular branch trigeminal V
