Miscellaneous Flashcards
What is a fulcrum?
Pivotal point round which the system operates
What is a mechanical fulcrum?
In every joint of the body
Name the significant mechanical fulcrums?
C1 - T4 - T9 - T12/L1 - L5/S1
What is the fulcrum in the cranio-sacral system?
SBS - fulcrum round which the bony structures operate
What is the fulcrum in the membrane system?
Straight sinus - Sutherlands fulcrum - where falx c and falx c and tentorium all meet.
What is the fulcrum in the central nervous system?
Lamina terminalis - forms anterior wall of 3rd ventricle
Why is it important to have a calm, quiet presence and a therapist?
Can get in touch with natural forces - principle element of CS integration
Can get in touch with external forces in individual and universal matrix
Quality of presence will influence patient system and response
Contributes to entrainment of 2 systems
Name 4 principles of integrated treatment?
Engagement (tuning in) - vitality; QSM; level of attention - level of contact; level of tissues
Opening up system (settling and grounding) - Emotional centres x4 reflected in QSM - deeper levels; release superficial patterns
Core Treatment
Completion
Why is sub-occipital release important?
Focal point for restrictions
Emotional centre
Causes health issues
Crucial structures are located and pass through
Area prone to injury, tension, compression, trauma
Connects brain to body and back
Blood supply to brain
Name the structures that pass through the sub-occipital area?
STRUCTURES:
Vertebral arteries x2 - arterial blood to brain - SBEND between occiput and atlas - goes through foramen magnum
Carotid arteries x 2 via carotid canal
Internal jugular veins x 2 - venous blood drainage from sigmoid sinus to internal jugular vein via jugular foramen back to heart. Restricted = cranium congestion; stagnation of fluids and bloods and CSF
Vagus Neve - regulates parasympathetic supply to thoracic and abdominal viscera and passes through FJ.
Spinal Accessory Nerves - pass through JF
Glosso-pharangeal nerves - pass through JF
Carotid Nerves - sympathetic supply to head via T1; SCSG; carotid canal to cranium - compression anywhere will affect structures in head and eyes.
The trapezius attaches to the external occipital protuberance.
What are the superior cervical sympathetic ganglia?
Located each side of vertebral bodies/spine and are crucial points of synapse for sympathetic nerve supply to cranium affecting 1) pupil dilation and 2) regulating blood vessel constriction in cranium
Where is the nuclei of the vagus?
Located in and around the jugular foramen.
What is the role of the suboccipital muscles?
To maintain balance in this area. RECTUS CAPITUS POSTERIOR MINOR muscles attach to dural membrane so tension in dura = CSF and reciprocal tension = head and neck pain.
What causes tension in sub-occiput area?
Birth process; head and neck injuries; whiplash; C1 is mechanical pivotal area; structural imbalances - ONE OF MAIN PRIORITIES OF BODY IS TO KEEP EYES LEVEL - sub-occiput will adapt posture to ensure this.
Postural imbalances - head stooping forward = tension
Emotional tension - head shrinks into neck - turtle like
IN BABIES =
sympathetic = poor sleep; hyper
parasympathetic = compression of vagus nerve = colic
ADULTS =
Vertebro-basilar insufficiency - at subocciput causing poor memory; concentration; vagueness. Postural collapse - fainting; dizziness in older adults.
TREATMENT = SUB-OCCIPITAL RELEASE
What would you do if sub-occiput is reluctant to release?
Emotional centres - HC and SP
OCCIPUT and SBS and LS-JOINT = TRIAD OF COMPRESSION
Contacts for the above; neck unwinding; birth trauma
CS integration.
Cranial Base and Crown contact - Sit at side - 1 hand under cervical area and occiput
Great for complex restrictions in occiput and all surrounding structures. Whiplash. Where sub-occiput is not responding. Containment for strong contractions in membranes.
Solar Plexus - what is the thoracic diaphragm?
Primary muscle of respiration, double domed sheet attaching to L1 to L3
How many openings are there in the thoracic diaphragm?
3 - Vena Cava - T8 - right phrenic nerve
Oesophagus - T10 - R and L vagus
Aortic Hiatus - (Aorta and Thoracic Duct) - T12
What nerve innervates the diaphragm?
Phrenic Nerve C345 from SPINAL cervical plexus
What is the phrenic nerve also responsible for?
Somatic innervation of pericardium
What do you associate L3 with?
Apex of lower triangle. Level with iliac crests.
L3 affected by disturbances to SI joint; hips; knees; ankles and disturbances to hips; knees; ankles can affect L3.
What is the thoracic inlet and where is it?
Upper thoracic region
Rib cage closes in to form narrow inlet though which many structures pass from head - oesophagus; trachea; jugular veins; vagus nerve, phrenic nerve which ENTER the upper thorax. It is the OUTLET for carotid arteries; sympathetic nerve supply exiting the thorax and passing into the head via T1.
Why would you use a rhomboid release?
Engage with pericardium and heart, pleura and lungs.
Engage with brachial plexus and arm; trapezius and levator scapulae to head and neck, latissimus dorsi, rotator cuff, shoulder girdle.
Great for tendonitis; frozen shoulder, brachial plexus disorders. Spinal nerves C7 to T5 - Brachial Plexus.
Why use a cranial base and crown contact?
Sit at side - 1 hand under cervical area and occiput
Great for complex restrictions in occiput and all surrounding structures. Whiplash. Where sub-occiput is not responding. Containment for strong contractions in membranes.
Why would you use a scapula contact?
Engage with whole thorax, trunk, back, spine, shoulders, neck, heart, sympathetic chain - feel whole body patterns. Great for babies. Great for reintegration,