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PERFORMANCE > TAKEOFF > Flashcards

TAKEOFF Flashcards

1
Q

Which speed relates to V1?

A

Vmcg, Vr, Vmbe

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2
Q

Vs depends on which factors? (2)

A

Weight and Flaps/Slats. does NOT depends on altitude. if W ↗ : Vs ↗. if F ↗: Vs ↘

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3
Q

Vmcg depends on which factors? (2)

A

Alt and Temp if Alt and/or Temp ↗, Vmcg ↘. because thrust ↘ on operating engine

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4
Q

How do you ↘ Vmcg on a ferry flight?

A

↗ Temperature of the reduce thrust to reduce the thrust available

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5
Q

Does Vmcg is affected by Weight?

A

NO

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6
Q

Deffinition of VMCG?

A

Minimum control speed on ground, without Nosewheel steering

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7
Q

Deffinition of VMCA?

A

Minimum Controllable Airspeed with critical engine suddenly made inoperative

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8
Q

What are the factors affecting VMCA?

A

Alt and Temp, LG down ↗ Vmca, TO flaps ↗ Vmca, aileron effectiveness, angle of bank

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9
Q

What happen to Pressure altitude when QNH is < 1013?

A

QNH<1013: Pressure altitude ↗

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10
Q

elevation 2500ft, QNH 1000Hpa, what is pressure alt?

A

13*28=364ft, 2500+364=2864ft presure alt

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11
Q

in case of field limitation what happen to MTOW if Flaps ↗?

A

MTOW↗ with higher flap setting

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12
Q

in case of climb limitation, what happen to MTOW if Flaps ↗?

A

MTOW ↘ with higher flap setting

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13
Q

in case of obstacle limitation (distant), what happen to MTOW if Flaps ↗?

A

MTOW ↘ with higher flap setting

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14
Q

What flap setting would you use for short RWY and a close-in obstacle?

A

higher flap setting

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15
Q

what flap setting would you use for a distant obstacle?

A

lower flap setting

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16
Q

What is Vr?

A

Vr is the speed at which the airplane should be rotated so that the airplane lifts off and attains the speed V2 before reaching a height of 35ft.

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17
Q

Vr Characteristics? (3)

A

V1≤Vr, 1.05 Vmcg ≤ Vr, 1.10 Vs≤Vr

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18
Q

What happen when the aircraft is orated too early or too late?

A

the ground distance is ↗

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19
Q

What is V2?

A

V2 is the Initial Climb-out speed. it is the speed at which the airplane can attain at least the required gradient of climb

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20
Q

When must V2 be attained?

A

V2 must be attained at or before reaching a height of 35ft above the TO surface

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21
Q

What is a Stopway?

A

use for decelerating the aeroplane during an interrupted TO. surface like the RWY

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22
Q

What is a Clearway?

A

it is a clearway plane, extended from the end of the RWY. when you have a stopway, a clearway of the same lenght as the stopway must also be provided. Clearway include Stopway

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23
Q

What is TORA?

A

RWY length ONLY

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24
Q

What is TODA?

A

RWY+Clearway

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25
Q

What is ASDA?

A

RWY+ Stopway

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26
Q

Influence of Headwind in TO?

A

Headwind is taken into account for 50%. reduce TO distance and ↗climb gradiant

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27
Q

Influence of Tailwind in TO?

A

Tailwind has to be factored by 150%. ↗ TO run and ↘ Climb gradiant

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28
Q

Influence of Upslope in TO? deceleration, other distance

A

positive effect on deceleration and negative effect on other distance

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29
Q

Influence of downslope in TO? deceleration and other distance

A

Downslope is negative on deceleration and positive on all other distance

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30
Q

What is TOD?

A

Take OFF Distance. from standing start of the TO to the 35ft point

31
Q

V2 may NOT be less than?

A

1.10 Vmc and 1.20 Vs

32
Q

Define the TO path?

A

TO path extends from the standing start to the 1500ft height point

33
Q

What is TOR?

A

Distance from standing start to the point equidistant between lift_off and 35ft height point

34
Q

Stopway can be used for?

A

TOD and ASD

35
Q

Clearway can be used for?

A

TOD only

36
Q

What is the max allowable length for a stopway and/or clearway?

A

50% of the available runway length

37
Q

When is TOW never limited?

A

When there is Runway only

38
Q

What is balancing?

A

Optimum use of the available distances

39
Q

How do you acquire balancing?

A

By reducing V1

40
Q

What do you do when you use a lower value of V1?

A

ASD ↘ and TOD ↗

41
Q

What is an unbalanced field length?

A

V1 = Vr

42
Q

When is balancing only possible?

A

When TOW is limited by the ASD only

43
Q

What is the ratio V1/Vr of a balanced field?

A

V1/Vr is less than 1

44
Q

What happen to stopping distance with braking devices inop?

A

Stopping distances from V1 will be ↗

45
Q

define the TO flight path?

A

from the 35ft point to the 1500ft point

46
Q

What is the name of the first segment?

A

Landing gear extended segment

47
Q

define first segment?

A

extends from Vlof to the point of LG retracted

48
Q

Condition of first segment?

A 
LG retracting
Flaps/Slats in TO position
Speed ↗
Thrust TO
gradiant positive
49
Q

What is the name of the second segment?

A

Initial climb-out segment?

50
Q

define second segment?

A

from the 35ft point to the point of reaching the seleced gross acceleration height at a minimum of 400ft height (OS 1000ft)

51
Q

Condition of second segment?

A 
LG retracted
Flaps/Slats in TO position
Speed V2
Thrust TO
gradiant ≥2.4%
52
Q

What is the name of the third segment?

A

the acceleration segment

53
Q

define third segment?

A

from the point of reaching the selected gross acceleration height to the point of reaching the final TO climb speed

54
Q

Condition of third segment?

A 
LG retracted
Flaps/Slats retracting
Speed ↗ from V2 to Vfr
Thrust TO
gradiant ≥1.2%
55
Q

What is the name of the fourth segment?

A

the final TO climb

56
Q

define fourth segment?

A

extends from the point of reaching the final TO climb speed to 1500ft height point

57
Q

Condition of fourth segment?

A 
LG retracted
Flaps/Slats retracted
Speed Vfto
Thrust Max Continous
gradiant ≥1.2%
58
Q

Which segment limit the TOW?

A

initial climb out (second) and final TO climb (fourth)

59
Q

What is gross TO flight path?

A

actual flight path of the aeroplane

60
Q

What is NET TO flight path?

A

required minimum obstacle clearance profile

clears all obstacle by at least a height of 35ft

61
Q

gross and net ≠?

A

net = gross - 0.8% climb gradiant

62
Q

What are the factors affecting thrust?

A

ALT and TEMP

63
Q

What happen to thrust when alt or temp↗?

A

thrust ↘, air density ↘

thrust reduces when temp rises above ISA+15

64
Q

What is the max Flex reduction allowed?

A

25% of full thrust

65
Q

What is flex or derated?

A

it is used to reduce engine wear, in the exhaust and turbine section, lowering EGT

66
Q

What is climb 1?

A

94% of climb thrust

67
Q

What is climb 2?

A

88% of climb thrust

68
Q

What is WAT limit

A

the Weight resulting from Altitude and Temperature inputs

69
Q

Influence of temp increase on TO dist? TO climb gradiants? MTOW?

A

TO dist increase
TO climb gradiants decrease
MTOW decrease

70
Q

RWY Upslope on TO dist? ASD? and Landing dist?

A

TO dist increase
ASD decrease
Landing distance decrease

71
Q

RWY downslope on TO dist? ASD? and Landing dist?

A

TO distance decrease
ASD increase
Landing distance increase

72
Q

Influence of Pressure Alt on TO dist? Climb gradiant? MTOW? Engine thrust? TAS?

A 
TO distance increase
Climb gradiant decrease
MTOW decrease
engine thrust decrease
TAS must be increased to compensate density decrease
73
Q

Can you clear the obstacle located 10Nm of 2400ft with TAS of 200Kt on TO?

A

R/C (ft)= TAS* climb gradiant (%)
1%=60ft/Nm so 2400ft/10Nm=240ft/Nm
240/60=4% climb gradiant
R/C= 200*4=800ft/min

74
Q

Climb gradiant 5,2%, distance travelled during the climb 4500m, climb start at 400ft. what is the height gain?

A

Height gain= gradiant* D travelled in ft

H=5,2/100 * 4500*3,28=768ft+400=1168ft

PERFORMANCE (3 decks)

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