Tajweed - Makhraj

Question 1

What is the literal & technical meaning of makhraj?

Answer 1

Literal: Place of exit

Technical: place from where the sound of a letter is articulated.

Question 2

Neglecting to pronounce a letter from its correct makhraj is what type of error?

Answer 2

Lahn jaliy (major error)

Question 3

1. Huruf al-madd/hawaiyyah
   حروف المد/الحروف الهوائية

Answer 3

Letters: ي ُ و َ ا ِ

Makhraj: jawf al-famm wal halq
empty place in mouth & throat

Question 4

2 - 4. Huruf al-halqiyah
الحروف الحلقية

Answer 4

Letters: خ غ ح ع ه ء

Makhraj: halq (throat)

2. Aqsa l-halq (bottom of throat) ء ه
3. Wasat al-halq (middle of throat) ح ع
4. Adan l-halq (top of throat) خ غ

Question 5

5&6. Huruf al-lahawiyah
الحروف اللهوية

Answer 5

Letters: ك ق

Makhraj: near the lahah (uvula)
Aqsa al-lithan - (back of tongue)

ق. 5
Upper part of back of tongue touches the corresponding part of upper palate.

ك .6
Lower part of back of tongue touches corresponding part of upper palate.

Question 6

7. Huruf Ash-shajriyah
   الحروف الشجرية

Answer 6

Letters: ج ش يَ َي

Makhraj: shajr al-famm (area between middle of tongue & upper palate)

Middle of tongue touches corresponding part of upper palate.

Question 7

8. Harf Al-hafi
   الحافي

Answer 7

Letter: ض

Makhraj: hafat al-lisan (side edge of tongue)

The upturned sides of tongue touch root of the corresponding top molars.

Question 8

9 - 11 Huruf Adh-dhalqiyah/ tarafiyah
الحروف الدبقية/الحروف الطرفية

Answer 8

Letters: ل ن ر

Makhraj: taraf al-lisan
tip of the tongue touches gums of the:

ل .9
Top front teeth, premolar to premolar.

ن .10
Top front teeth, canine to canine.

ر.11
Upper central & lateral incisors

Question 9

12. Huruf an-nitiyah
    الحروف النطعية

Answer 9

Letters: ت د ط

Makhraj: taraf ul-lisan
tip of tongue touches roots of upper central incisors

Question 10

13. Huruf al-Asaliyah/As-safir
    الحروف الأسلية/حروف الصفير

Answer 10

Letters: ز س ص

Makhraj: taraf ul-lithan
tip of tongue, edges of upper central incisors & lower central incisors all meet together.

Question 11

14. Huruf Al-Lithawiyah
    الحروف القوية

Answer 11

Letters: ث ذ ظ

Makhraj: taraf ul-lithan
tip of tongue touches edges of upper central incisors.

Question 12

15-16. Huruf ash-shafawiyah
الحروف الشفوية

Answer 12

Letters: ف و َ و ب م

Makhraj: Shafa (lips)

ف .15
Moist (inner) part of bottom lip touches edge of upper central incisors.

م ب َو و .16
Pronounced with lips difference is:

Waw mutaharik and waw al-lin - make a rounded shape leaving middle open.

Ba - moist inner part of lips meet

Mim - dry outer part of lips meet

Question 13

17. Huruf al-ghunnah
    حروف الغنة

Answer 13

Letters: م ن

Makhraj: sound comes from khayshum (nasal cavity)