Tactile Senses and the Auditory Sense

Question 1

Thalamus

Answer 1

touch information is first perceived in the thalamus and it then sends information to the somatosensory cortex

Question 2

Pain information received via __ helps us respond quickly with a withdrawal reflex, such as pulling your hand away from touching a hot stove

Answer 2

Fast pathway

Question 3

The __ uses more unmyelinated axons- these inputs communicate with the brain regions involved in processing information

Answer 3

Slower pain pathway

Question 4

Gate Control Theory of Pain

Answer 4

Attempts to explain that certain neural activity can close a “gate” to keep pain information from travelling to parts of the brain where it is perceived (e.g. when you rub the skin of areas of our body that have been injured)

Question 5

Endorphines and Enkephalins

Answer 5

chemicals that belong to a naturally occurring class of opiates that occur to reduce pain in the nervous system

Question 6

Associated with the inability to detect touch or temperature due to genetics

Answer 6

Familial dysautonomia

Question 7

Phantom Limb Sensation

Answer 7

Patients report feelings of tactile hallucinations or phantom sensations in parts of the body that no longer exist

Question 8

Vibrations of the air in the frequency of hearing

Answer 8

Sound waves

Question 9

Frequency

Answer 9

The frequency of a soundwave refers to the number of cycles the wave completes in a certain amount of time. Measured in Hertz (Hz) and we hear best within 2,000 to 5,000 Hz

Question 10

What is responsible for producing the pitch of a sound

Answer 10

Sound waves

Question 11

Tympanic membrane

Answer 11

eardrum

Question 12

Ossicles

Answer 12

Tiny bones

Question 13

oval window

Answer 13

a membrane separating the ossicles and the inner ear

Question 14

fluid-filled part of the inner ear - sound is transduced into neural impulses interpreted by the brain

Answer 14

cochlea

Question 15

basilar membrane

Answer 15

structure in the cochlea where the hair cells are located

Question 16

sensory receptors that convert sound waves to neural impulses

Answer 16

hair cells

Question 17

tonotopic map

Answer 17

representation in the auditory cortex of different sound waves

Question 18

Frequency Theory

Answer 18

suggests that different sound frequencies are converted into different rates firing in our auditory nerves (e.g. high-frequency sounds produce a higher firing than do low-frequency sounds) (do not explain sound perception)

Question 19

Place Theory

Answer 19

holds that difference in sound frequency activates different regions on the basilar membrane

Question 20

refers to the ability to recognize individual note in isolation

Answer 20

Absolute pitch

Question 21

Amusia

Answer 21

tone-deaf

Question 22

Cocktail party effect

Answer 22

The brain is able to pick up on relevant sound even in a noisy environment (example of top-down processing)

Question 23

Tinnitus

Answer 23

ringing in the ear