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Solid Dosage Forms > Tablets > Flashcards

Tablets Flashcards

1
Q

These are solid pharmaceutical dosage forms containing drug substances with or without suitable diluents and are prepared either by compression or molding.

A

Tablets

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2
Q

Two (2) Types of Tablets

A
  1. Molded Tablets / Tablet Triturates
  2. Compressed Tablets
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3
Q

These are usually made from moist material using triturate mold that gives them the shape of cut sections of cylinder. Prepared from mixtures of medicinal substances and diluents usually consisting of lactose and powdered sucrose in varying proportions. The powders are dampened with solutions containing high percentage of alcohol. These are pressed into molds, removed, and allowed to dry.

A

Molded Tablets / Tablet Triturates

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4
Q

Two (2) Types of Molded Tablets

A
  1. Dispensing Tablets
  2. Hypodermic Tablets
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5
Q

These tablets provide the convenient quantity of potent drug that can be incorporated readily into powders and liquids. These tablets are supplied primarily as convenience for extemporaneous compounding and should never be dispensed as dosage form. A tablet prepared by molding or by compression; used by the dispensing pharmacist to obtain certain potent substances in convenient form for accurate compounding. Formerly used to prepare bulk solutions of germicidal chemicals, bichloride of mercury. Not intended for internal use.

A

Dispensing Tablets

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6
Q

These are soft, readily soluble tablets and were originally used for the preparation of solutions to be injected.

A

Hypodermic Tablets

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7
Q

These tablets are formed by the process of pressing powdered, crystalline or granular materials, alone or in combination with excipients to form compact adherent mass of predetermined shape.

A

Compressed Tablets

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8
Q

These are tablets recommended to “speed up” disintegration by breaking up or mastication in the mouth.

A

Chewable Tablets

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9
Q

Its physical features are similar to buccal tablets, but they are placed underneath the tongue. Usually small, flat tablet intended to be inserted beneath the tongue, where the active ingredient is absorbed directly through the oral mucosa; such as tablet (nitroglycerin) dissolves very promptly.

A

Sublingual Tablets

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10
Q

A small, flat, oval tablets intended for buccal administration by inserting into the buccal pouch to dissolve or erode slowly.

A

Buccal Tablets

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11
Q

These are small tablets compressed without excipients.

A

Implantation Tablets or Pellets

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12
Q

These are specially formulated and shaped tablets, which are inserted into the vaginal canal using special inserting device or fingers. It exerts localized effects.

A

Vaginal Tablets, Tablet Suppositories or Inserts

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13
Q

Five (5) Types of Special Oral Tablets

A
  1. Multiple Layered Tablets
  2. Layered Tablets
  3. Press-Coated Tablets
  4. Sugar-Coated Tablets
  5. Film-Coated Tablets
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14
Q

These are tablets prepared by the compression of several different granulations fed into the die in succession, one on top of the other in layers.

A

Multiple Layered Tablets

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15
Q

These are prepared by compressing additional granulation on previously compressed granulation.

A

Layered Tablets

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16
Q

These are prepared by feeding previously compressed tablets into special tableting machine, and compressing another granulation layer “around” the preformed tablet.

A

Press-Coated Tablets

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17
Q

These are compressed tablets containing sugar coating. Such coatings may be colored and are beneficial in covering up drug substances possessing objectionable tastes or odors, and in protecting materials sensitive to oxidation.

A

Sugar-Coated Tablets

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18
Q

These are covered with the thin layer film of water-soluble material. A number of polymeric substances with film-forming properties may be used.

A

Film-Coated Tablets

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19
Q

These are tablets, which are employed to produce Carbon Dioxide, by chemical reaction of the components upon the addition of water.

A

Effervescent Tablets

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20
Q

Two (2) General Methods of Effervescent Tablets

A
  1. Wet Fusion Method
  2. Dry Fusion Method
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21
Q

The granules are tabletted, while still damp, since citric acid acts as the lubricant. The tablets are oven dried at 70 to 75 degrees Celsius.

A

Wet Fusion Method

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22
Q

The components are blended with the inclusion of 15% to 25% citric acid monohydrate. The batch is heated while mixing, until the molecule of water of citric acid is release, which becomes the binding agent of the granules.

A

Dry Fusion Method

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23
Q

These are used for preparing solutions or imparting given characteristics to solutions must be labeled to indicate that they are not be swallowed.

A

Tablets for Solution

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24
Q

These tablets are designed so that the administration of single dose unit provides the immediate release of amount of drug, that promptly produces the desired therapeutic effect; and gradual, continued release of the other amounts of the drug, to maintain this level of effect over an extended period of time, usually 8 to 12 hours. The advantage of this type of tablet is the production of equilibrium blood levels of the drug without the need for repeated administration of the dosage units.

A

Sustained Release Tablets

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25
Q

Three (3) Types of Sustained Release Tablets

A
  1. Delayed Action
  2. Repeat Action
  3. Extended Release
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26
Q

The release of the drug substance is prevented for an interval of time after administration or until certain physiological conditions exist.

A

Delayed Action

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27
Q

It periodically release the complete dose of the drug substance to the gastrointestinal fluids.

A

Repeat Action

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28
Q

It continuously release increments of the contained drug substance to the gastrointestinal fluids.

A

Extended Release

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29
Q

A process by which solid, liquids or even gases may be encapsulated into microscopic size particles, through the formation of thin coatings of “wall” material around the substance being encapsulated.

A

Microencapsulation

30
Q

A vehicle for conveying the medication to the patient and therefore, the formulator should be aware of the limitations of the raw materials and equipment since these affect the bioavailability of the medicament.

A

Tablet

31
Q

Five (5) Basic Parts of Tableting Machines

A
  1. Hopper
  2. Feed Frame / Feed Shoe
  3. Die Cavities
  4. Punches
  5. Cams
32
Q

For storing the granulation material for compression.

A

Hopper

33
Q

For distributing the granulation material into the die cavities.

A

Feed Frame / Feed Shoe

34
Q

For controlling the size and shape of the tablets.

A

Die Cavities

35
Q

For compacting the granulation material within the die cavities.

A

Punches

36
Q

For guiding the punches.

A

Cams

37
Q

For guiding the punches.

A

Cams

38
Q

Four (4) Types of Tableting Machines

A
  1. Single Punch Press
  2. Multi-Station Rotary Tablet Machines
  3. High Speed Rotary Tablet Machines
  4. Multi-Layer Rotary Tablet Machines
39
Q

For increase production output, these machines offer great advantages. A head carrying number of sets of dies and punches revolves continuously, while the tablet granulation runs from the hopper, through the feed frame and into the dies placed in the large steel plate revolving around it.

A

Multi-Station Rotary Tablet Machines

40
Q

Increasing the number of stations (i.e., sets of punches and dies, in each revolution of the machine head). Improvement in “feeding” devices. Installation of dual compression points.

A

High Speed Rotary Tablet Machines

41
Q

The rotary tablet machines have been developed into models capable of producing multiple-layered tablets. These machines are able to make one, two or three layered tablets.

A

Multi-Layer Rotary Tablet Machines

42
Q

Two (2) Desirable Properties of Tablet Granulation

A
  1. Fluidity
  2. Compressibility
43
Q

Necessary for the transport of the material though the hopper into the feed frame.

A

Fluidity

44
Q

Property of the granulation material to form stable, compact mass when pressure is applied.

A

Compressibility

45
Q

These are substances that make up the major portion of the tablet.

A

Diluents or Bulking Substances

46
Q

Six (6) Raw Materials of Diluents or Bulking Substances

A
  1. Lactose USP
  2. Starches
  3. Sucrose
  4. Mannitol
  5. Microcrystalline Cellulose (Avicel)
  6. Hydrolyzed Starch with Dextrose (Celutab)
47
Q

It is stable and does not react with most medicinal substances. Its rapid solubility in water means quick release of the drug substance. A non-hygroscopic and possess high melting point, so it is not softened by frictional forces of machine compression.

A

Lactose USP

48
Q

They are employed as binders and disintegrants. It contains 12% to 14% water.

A

Starches

49
Q

It is sometimes added to provide additional sweetness, but its main use is as binder because of its cohesive property.

A

Sucrose

50
Q

This another sugar is used for special situations, due to its high cost. It as sweet and obtained as powder or granules.

A

Mannitol

51
Q

A very expensive tablet diluent.

A

Microcrystalline Cellulose (Avicel)

52
Q

The concentration is 95% to 96%; it contains 4% to 5% polysaccharides. It is also used as the base for chewable tablets due to sweet taste and pleasant “mouth feel”.

A

Hydrolyzed Starch with Dextrose (Celutab)

53
Q

These substances “glue” powders together, and cause them to form granules.

A

Binders / Adhesives / Granulating Agents

54
Q

Raw Materials of Binders / Adhesives / Granulating Agents

A
  1. Natural Gums
  2. Sugars
  3. Starch Gelatin
  4. Polyvinyl Pyrolidone (PVP)
  5. Cellulose Derivatives
  6. Gelatin
  7. Glucose
  8. Starch Paste
  9. Sodium Alginate
  10. Sorbitol
55
Q

These are substances or agents added to compressed tablets to cause them to “break apart” or disintegrate, when placed in an aqueous medium.

A

Disintegrants

56
Q

Swells up to 10 folds within 30 sec when contact water.

A

Superdisintegrants

57
Q

Improve the rate flow of tablet granulation. Prevent adhesion of the tablet, material to the surface of the dies and punches. Reduce particulate friction. Facilitate the ejection of the tablets from the die cavities.

A

Lubricants / Glidants / Antiadherents

58
Q

These are added to tablet granulations for the improvement of aesthetic appearance and to provide control of the product during its manufacturing.

A

Coloring Agents

59
Q

It causes cancer in rats, unproven safety.

A

FD&C Red No. 2 (Amaranth)

60
Q

It is found in maraschino cherries and ingested drugs; only used in external drugs and cosmetics.

A

FD&C Red No. 4

61
Q

It causes allergic type reaction in many people.

A

FD&C Yellow No. 5 (Tartrazine)

62
Q

These are substances added to tablet formulations mainly to “mask” the undesirable flavor of certain medicaments.

A

Flavoring Agents

63
Q

Five (5) Flavoring Methodology

A
  1. Blending
  2. Overshadow
  3. Physical
  4. Chemical
  5. Physiological
64
Q

Fruit flavors blend with sour taste, bitter with salty, sweet and sour.

A

Blending

65
Q

Flavor with longer and stronger taste is added to the obvious taste.

A

Overshadow

66
Q

The formation of insoluble compounds of the offending drug.

A

Physical

67
Q

Use of the processes of adsorption or complexation.

A

Chemical

68
Q

Anesthetizing the taste buds.

A

Physiological

69
Q

These are substances capable of holding quantities of fluids or moisture in an apparently dry state.

A

Adsorbents

70
Q

It is also called “Pre-Compression” or “Double Compression Method”

A

Dry Granulation Method

Solid Dosage Forms (3 decks)

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