Taak 4: Informatieverwerking Flashcards
Of what 3 brain areas does the fear network consist?
Amygdala, insula and the Anterior cingulate cortex (ACC)
Explain the dual-pathway of LeDoux.
Low road: is kind of the fight/flight-response (quick and dirty road). This is uncontrollable, the amygdala has a bigger part in this road. The path goes from the emotional stimulus to the Thalamus straight to the amydala.
High road: Here the processing takes place, questions weather it is necessary to fight or flight? Is the stimulus dangerous. The path goes from the emotional stimulus to the thalamus and the (sensory) cortex, to the amygdala.
Where does ‘ACC’ stand for?
Anterior cingulate cortex
Which is wrong?
A. With specific phobia there is an increase of the amygdala, the insula and the ACC.
B. With GAD there is an increase in the amygdala and the insula, and a decrease in the ACC.
C. With Panic Disorder, there is an increase of the amygdala, the ACC and the brainstem.
D. With PTSS there is an increase in the amygdala and the insula, there is a decrease in the ACC and hippocampus.
B. is not true, because it is hard to get a clear brain image of people with GAD, it is not stated weather the amygdala and the insula increase or decrease. It is stated that there is a dysfunction in the both of them.
For what disorder is the following stated?
Higher response striatum leads to inefficient thalamic gating, which results in hyperactivity of OFC and ACC.
OCD
In response to stress, the hypothalamus releases CRF, what happens afterwards?
CRF is responsible for inducing the anterior pituitary to release the stress hormone ACTH into the blood. (Which in turn increases the level of glucorticiodis such as cortisol from the adrenal cortex.)
True or false:
Less levels of CRF are found in more anxious rates and higher in cerebrospinal fluid of combat veteran with PTSD.
False, there are more levels of CRF found.
How is the neurotransmitter Noreponephrine (NE) important in anxiety?
NE has a significant role in the formation of emotional memories that may contribute to anxiety disorders in which memories of past trauma or stress can influence future behavior.
What is GABA?
A neurotransmitter which is inhibitory for the nervous system.
True or false?
Serotonine (5-HT) plays a large role in anxiety modulation, it reduces the anxiety.
False, serotonine does play a large role in anxiety modulation, but it is unknown what the precise role is. In some cases it has reduced anxiety, and sometimes it increases anxiety.
What kind of bias fits the following sentence?
People who are affraid of spiders think they see spiders more often. This is because when they are in doubt what they see, they think first it is a spider.
Attention bias
What is overt attention?
Overt attention is defined as selectively processing one location over others by moving the eyes to point at that location.
What is covert attention?
Paying attention without the eyes moving. You look straight but you experience things around you.
True or false? According to the attention bias, people who are afraid of spiders are better in spotting one. Therefore they tend to see more spiders then others.
False. People who are afraid of spiders, think they see more spiders because they think something is possible a spider when they are in doubt. It is not true that they are more sensitive to actually spot a spider.
What is embodied cognition?
Embodied cognition is a concept in which it is suggested that people have a tendency to have their opinion about things/ evaluation of things reflected in their bodily behaviours.
