T7 Energy Budgets Flashcards
Energy Demand
amounts of energy required for maintenance, growth, activity, and reproduction.
Scaling
The study of the effect of size/mass on anatomy/physiology in organisms.
SA/V Ratio
The ratio of surface area to volume in organisms, influencing their exchange of matter and energy with the environment.
Allometry
The relationship between mass (M) and a biological aspect (Y) described by a power function (Y = aMb), where a is the value of Y per unit mass, and b is the scaling exponent.
Isometry
Both dimensions in a biological aspect and mass remain proportional.
Positive Allometry (Hyperallometry)
As one dimension increases, the other increases to a greater proportion.
Negative Allometry (Hypoallometry)
As one dimension increases, the other increases to a lesser proportion.
EnergyIN
Total energy intake by an organism.
EnergyASSIMILATION
Energy derived from food, including RMR, activity, and production.
EnergyEXCRETION
Energy lost through urine, feces, shedding, and heat.
Ein
The rate of energy intake.
Retention Time
The duration food remains in the digestive tract, a phenotypic trait responding to selective pressures.
Nutrient Absorption
The process of absorbing nutrients from digested food, leading to a net gain of energy.
Metabolic Rate
The rate at which an organism converts chemical energy to heat and external work, measured in calories or joules per unit time.
Resting Metabolic Rate (RMR)
Energy expenditure at rest during routine activities.
Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)
Metabolism at complete rest, the lowest possible.
Standard Metabolic Rate (SMR)
Ectotherm metabolic rate measured at a specified temperature.
Field Metabolic Rate (FMR)
Metabolic rate measured in wild animals.
Direct Calorimetry
A method measuring the rate at which heat leaves an animal’s body.
Indirect Calorimetry
A method measuring O2 consumed or CO2 produced, a cheaper and easier alternative.
EnergyPRODUCTION
Represents both growth and reproduction in organisms.
Balanced Energy Budget
In an adult organism, when the value of EnergyPRODUCTION is zero.
Positive Value
Indicates more energy consumed than needed, resulting in mass increase.
Negative Value
Indicates insufficient energy intake, resulting in mass decrease.
