T5:The Uk Landscape Flashcards
What is an urban area?
An urban area is a densely populated region with extensive infrastructure, economic activity, and access to services, typically found in cities or towns.
What is a rural area?
A rural area is a lower populated region with open spaces, natural landscapes, and a focus on agriculture or small communities
What is an enterprise zone?
An enterprise zone is an area where businesses get special tax breaks and other benefits to help them grow and create jobs in places that need more economic development.
What does ERDF stand for?
European Regional Development Fund
Our dynamic city case study location is
London
What are the suburbs in a city?
Suburbs are residential areas located on the outskirts of a city, typically offering more space and a quieter environment while still being connected to the city. Often families live here.
Which factor has impacted London’s site to make it successful? Two points
Its on flat land, it has a big river
Two ways in which migration into London that has affected its character.
. Education and jobs
. Urbanization
Identify the most likely function of buildings which are under 10 metres in height.
Housing
What is regeneration?
Regeneration refers to the process of improving and revitalizing urban areas that are experiencing decline.
What are services?
Services refer to activities or actions that fulfill the needs or wants of people, typically provided by businesses, governments, or organizations.
The 3 types of jobs
Primary sector- These jobs involve the extraction and harvesting of natural resources. Eg farming
Sedondary sector- manufacturing, processing, and construction, turning raw materials into finished goods. Eg factory worker
Tertiary sector- These jobs focus on providing services to individuals and businesses. Eg teacher, docter
What is rebranding?
Rebranding refers to changing the image or identity of a place which can increase the people going to it
What is regeneration?
Regeneration means improving run-down areas by adding new buildings, jobs, and services.
How does the urban core differ from the rural periphery?
Urban Core (e.g. London):
High population density
Services, HQs, tertiary jobs
Expensive housing, infrastructure
Rural Periphery (e.g. Cornwall):
Sparse population
Farming, tourism, primary jobs
Fewer services, cheaper housing
How has the UK’s economy changed over time?
From industrial (secondary) to post-industrial (tertiary & quaternary).
Deindustrialisation hit the North East hard.
Growth focused in the South East, especially London.
Why is the South East attractive for investment?
Close to London & EU
Skilled workforce
Good transport (airports, Eurostar, motorways)
How has globalisation affected the UK?
Manufacturing shifted abroad
TNCs operate globally (e.g. Coca-Cola, McDonald’s)
Services (finance, IT) became more important
What is a TNC?
Transnational Corporation – operates in multiple countries.
Example: Coca-Cola, Shell, Nike
What is privatisation?
Selling state-owned companies to private investors
E.g. BT, Royal Mail, railways, energy providers
Why do people migrate to the UK?
International migration: Economic migrants, refugees
Retirement migration: Older people move to SW for lifestyle
Rural-urban migration: Young people move to cities for jobs
How is inequality being reduced?
Enterprise zones – tax breaks, fast planning
Transport investment – rail links like HS2
Local Enterprise Partnerships (LEPs) – support jobs in regions
Why is London important?
Capital, global financial centre
HQ for many TNCs
Major transport hub
Diverse population
How did deindustrialisation affect London?
1980s: Closure of docks and industry
East London became deprived
Regeneration followed (e.g. Canary Wharf, Stratford)
London’s growth impacts on people?
Positives: Job creation, better transport, investment
Negatives: Gentrification, rising prices, loss of community
What challenges does London face?
Housing shortages
Air pollution & traffic
Inequality – deprived boroughs vs wealthy suburbs
How is London becoming more sustainable?
Green London Plan:
25% green space target
Cycle Superhighways
Hybrid buses
Energy-efficient buildings
What is rural diversification?
Expanding rural income beyond farming
Examples: Glamping, farm shops, festivals
What are the benefits of diversification?
Supports rural economy
New employment opportunities
Boosts tourism
