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ASC181 Office Procedures > T5: Animal medications and the vet nurses responsibility > Flashcards

T5: Animal medications and the vet nurses responsibility Flashcards

1
Q

What are antibiotics?

A

drugs used to treat bacterial infections

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2
Q

What are anti-inflammatories?

A

drugs used to suppress the symptoms of inflammation and allergies, including swelling, fever and local pain

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3
Q

What are anthelmintics?

A

anti-parasite drugs used to kill internal parasites (helminths = worms)

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4
Q

What is external parasite control?

A

drugs and chemicals used to control parasitic organisms such as fleas, ticks and mites

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5
Q

What are analgesics?

A

pain killers

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6
Q

What are disinfectants and antiseptics?

A

chemicals used to prevent the spread of infection

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7
Q

Name two endocrine or metabolic drugs

A

thyroxine

insulin

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8
Q

Name two common types of drugs used during/before surgery

A

sedatives & anaesthetic drugs

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9
Q

Body system: Integument

Organs?

Drug action?

A

Skin

To treat diseases of the skin

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10
Q

Body system: Respiratory system

Organs?

Drug action?

A

Airways (nostrils, pharynx, trachea, bronchi) and Lungs

To improve breathing and treat diseases of these organs

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11
Q

Body system: Cardiovascular system

Organs?

Drug action?

A

Heart and blood vessels (arteries, veins and capillaries)

To improve blood flow, heart function and control blood pressure

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12
Q

Body system: Digestive system

Organs?

Drug action?

A

Oesophagus, stomach, small & large intestine, pancreas and liver

To act upon symptoms such as Inappetence (not eating), vomiting, diarrhoea, constipation, as well as to treat specific organ diseases

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13
Q

Body system: Reproductive system

Organs?

Drug action?

A

Female

Ovaries, uterus, cervix & vagina

To treat diseases of these organs, and to regulate reproduction through hormone control; also to aid in pregnancy & parturition (birth)

Male

Testes, spermatic cord, prostate (in some species) and penis

To aid in the function and treatment of specific organ disease

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14
Q

Body system: Endocrine system

Organs?

Drug action?

A

Organs and glands that produce hormones including the reproductive organs, pituatory & hypothalamus glands, adrenal glands, pancreas (insulin) and thyroid

To regulate hormone levels and treat diseases of the endocrine system & organs, eg diabetes

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15
Q

Body system: Immune system

Organs?

Drug action?

A

Red and white blood cells arising from the bone marrow; also other infection fighting & inflammatory cells of the lymph nodes, liver & spleen

To improve the immune function and treat diseases of the immune system

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16
Q

What are two actions of a drug?

A

LOCAL OR SYSTEMIC

17
Q

What are the various ways a drug may be absorbed into the blood stream?

A
  • by directly being injected into a blood vessel
  • by being absorbed through the skin (topical application)
  • through the lining of the gut (oral administration)
  • being absorbed from the tissues of the body (subcutaneous or intramuscular injection) into blood capillaries and into the circulation.
18
Q

How do you calculate a drug dose?

A

weight of animal x dose rate

/

concentration

19
Q

What do the following prefixes mean?

SID

BID

TID

QID

EOD/QOD

NPO

ad lib

q2

qh

qd

A

Prefix Meaning

SID Once daily

BID Twice daily

TID Three times daily

QID For times daily

EOD/QOD Every other day (every second day)

NPO Nil Per Os (not orally)

ad lib as desired

q2 q=every 2=hours between dose i.e. every 2 hours

qh q=every, h=hour i.e. every hour

qd d=day i.e. every day

20
Q

What is the purpose of a loading dose?

A

allows the drug concentration to reach higher levels, quite quickly in the circulation or wherever it is required, so that it can carry out its specific function (reach therapeutic levels)

21
Q

Use of a drug for other purposes than what it is designed or registered for is called?

A

off-label use

22
Q

What information may a drug label include?

A
  • dose rate
  • dose interval
  • species use
  • age range
  • safety info
  • contraindications
  • side effects
  • route and method of admin
  • concentration of drug
    *
23
Q

List some common toxicities seen in practice

A

chocolate

rodenticides

NSAIDS (aspirin, ibruprofen, panadol)

pesticides

24
Q

Some OHS considerations when administering meds?

A

MSDS provides good info

may need to wear gloves

bite/scratch/kick from animal

sharps

zoonotic disease

25
Q

Describe a Schedule 2 drug

A

Pharmacy Medicines

These are poisons for therapeutic use that should be handled with care and only available to the public from pharmacies or persons licensed to sell Pharmacy Medicines

Example - Canasten (antifungal treatment)

26
Q

Describe a Schedule 3 drug

A

Pharmacist Only Medicines

These are potent substances for therapeutic use which are of a sufficiently dangerous nature to warrant their distribution to be restricted to pharmacists or authorised persons only.

Example - Insulin

27
Q

Describe a Schedule 4 drug

A

Prescription Only Medicines or Prescription Animal Remedy

These are poisons that, in the interest of public safety, prescription and supply should be restricted to medical, dental or veterinary authorised persons

Example - Penicillin

28
Q

Describe a Schedule 5 drug

A

Caution

substances or preparations of a hazardous nature which must be readily available to the public, but do require caution in handling, use and storage. These substances may be sold by an animal product retailer providing they are sold in the containers in which they were supplied to the business, and these containers are unopened. An authorised person must supervise the transfer of these into smaller quantities for sale.

Example - Equimec, many worming preparations

29
Q

Describe a Schedule 6 drug

A

Poison

Substances or preparations of a poisonous nature which must be readily available to the public for domestic, pastoral, horticultural, veterinary, photographic, for industrial purposes, or for the destruction of pests. Like S5 substances, these may be sold by an animal product retailer, on the condition that they are in the containers in which they were received by the business and these containers have not been opened. Only an authorised person may transfer these substances into smaller quantities for sale.

Example – Tiguvon

30
Q

Describe a Schedule 7 drug

A

Dangerous Poison

Theses are substances or preparations of exceptional danger which require special precautions in manufacture, storage and use, for which individual labelling and distribution regulations are required.

Example - Arsenic

31
Q

Describe a Schedule 8 drug

A

Controlled Drugs

These are substances or preparations which are dependence producing or potentially dependence producing. These include amphetamines, narcotics and other drugs of addiction. Strict regulations regarding the prescription, supply, storage and record keeping apply.

32
Q

Animal Carers and Veterinary nurses are not legally allowed to dispense (or redispense), or prescribe:

A
  • Controlled Drugs (Schedule 8)
  • Dangerous Poison (Schedule 7)
  • Prescription Only Medicines (Schedule 4).
    A veterinary nurse may dispense or administer S4 under direct supervision from a veterinarian.
  • Pharmacist Only Medicine (Schedule 3) drugs may be sold over the counter, without a prescription. However, a veterinarian must supervise the sale to give advice on directions for use.
33
Q

What S11 drugs?

A
  • 1999 amendment
  • KETAMINE and ANABOLIC and ANDROGENIC STEROIDS.
  • This amendment caused Ketamine and Anabolic/Androgenic Steroids to be classified as Schedule 11. The effect of this is to provide for a greater range of law enforcement tools to be used in investigating their misuse, and to provide penalties appropriate to trafficking offences
34
Q

Storage requirements of S2 and S3 drugs?

A
  • Retail stock must be stored in a place that is not accessible to the public.
  • Store so the substance cannot mix with or contaminate food, drink, drugs, or other poisons if the container breaks.
  • Store out of reach of children, at least 1.4 m off the floor
35
Q

Storage requirements of S4 drugs?

A
  • Store in a lockable cupboard, dispensary, drawer, storeroom or other place to which the public does not have access
36
Q

Storage requirements of S5 drugs?

A
  • Stored so it cannot mix or contaminate food, drink, drugs, or other poisons if the container breaks.
  • Store out of reach of children, at least 1.4 m off the floor
37
Q

Storage requirements of S6 drugs?

A
  • Store contaminate food, drior other poisons if the container breaks.
  • Store out of reach of children, at least 1.4 m off the floor.
38
Q

Storage requirements of S7 drugs?

A
  • Retail stock must be stored in a locked receptacle or store room.
  • Store so the substance cannot mix or contaminate food, drink, drugs, or other poisons if the container breaks
39
Q

Storage requirements of S8 and S11 drugs?

A
  • Must be kept in an approved fixed and locked receptacle, the key to which is kept on the vet and records must be kept.

ASC181 Office Procedures (11 decks)

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