T3 - Particle model of matter Flashcards
Equation for density?
Density(kg/m^3) = Mass(kg) / volume(m^3)
Features of particles in a solid? x3
-particles close together
-particles arranged in regular pattern
-vibrate but dont move
Features of particles in a liquid? x3
-particles close together
-particles not arranged in regular pattern
-particles move around each other
Features of particles in a gas? x3
-particles far apart
-particles not arranged in pattern
-particles move rapidly
Why do solids have a high density?
particles are close together
Why do gases have a low density?
particles are far apart
What is internal energy?
energy stored in a system by the particles
Internal energy is the total of what two energies?
-kinetic
-potential
What is solid to gas called?
sublimation
What happens to internal energy if you heat a substance?
Internal energy increases
What happens to internal energy if you cool a substance?
Internal energy decreases
What happens to the mass when a change of state takes places?
Mass is conserved
What is evaporation?
when the surface of a liquid turns to gas
What is the specific heat capacity of a substance?
the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1kg of the substance by 1 degree C
Equation for specific heat capacity?
change in thermal energy(J) = mass(kg) × specific heat capacity(j/kg c) × temperature change(C)
What is latent heat?
energy needed for a substance to change state
During change of state, what changes and what doesnt?
Internal energy changes and temperature does not
What is specific latent heat?
the amount of energy required to change the state of 1kg of the substance with no change in temperature.
What change of state is specific latent heat of fusion?
solid to liquid
What change of state is specific latent heat of vapourisation?
liquid to vapour
Equation for specific latent heat?
energy for a change of state(J) = mass(kg) × specific latent heat(J/kg)
particles of gas move in what motion?
constant random motion
What causes pressure of a gas?
particles colliding with wall of container
How can we increase pressure of gas?
increase temperature of gas
How does increasing temperature of gas increase pressure?
increases kinetic energy of particles
How does increasing kinetic energy of gas increase pressure? x2
-increases number of collisions
-increases energy of each collision
How does the force created by particle collisions act?
act at rights angles to wall of container
What happens to pressure when you increase volume of container?
It decreases
Why does the pressure decrease when volume of container increases?
particles travel further before colliding
Correlation between pressure of gas and volume?
inversely proportional
What happens to the pressure if the volume increases?
it decreases
Pressure and volume equation?
pressure(pa) × volume(m^3) = constant
What is work?
transfer of energy by a force.
What happens when you do work on a gas?
internal energy and temperature of gas increase
